Process Optimization for 100 W Nanosecond Pulsed Fiber Laser Engraving of 316L Grade Stainless Steel

Dondieu, Stephen; Wlodarczyk, Krystian Lukasz; Harrison, Paul M.; Rosowski, Adam; Gabzdyl, Jack; Reuben, Robert Lewis; Hand, Duncan Paul

doi:10.3390/jmmp4040110

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(32 reference statements)

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“…The most common laser-based texturing technique is direct laser writing (DLW), which is used for processing a wide range of materials with a typical resolution between 10 µm up to 200 µm. Besides, DLW is a single-step and well-established technique for processing various structure sizes on metal surfaces [ 25 , 26 , 27 ]. When it comes to patterning of smaller features, on the order of a few µm, and with high throughput, direct laser interference patterning (DLIP) has become a reliable technique in recent years [ 28 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hierarchical Microtextures Embossed on PET from Laser-Patterned Stamps

et al. 2021

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Nowadays, the demand for surface functionalized plastics is constantly rising. To address this demand with an industry compatible solution, here a strategy is developed for producing hierarchical microstructures on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) by hot embossing using a stainless steel stamp. The master was structured using three laser-based processing steps. First, a nanosecond-Direct Laser Writing (DLW) system was used to pattern dimples with a depth of up to 8 µm. Next, the surface was smoothed by a remelting process with a high-speed laser scanning at low laser fluence. In the third step, Direct Laser Interference Patterning (DLIP) was utilized using four interfering sub-beams to texture a hole-like substructure with a spatial period of 3.1 µm and a depth up to 2 µm. The produced stamp was used to imprint PET foils under controlled temperature and pressure. Optical confocal microscopy and scanning electron microscopy imaging showed that the hierarchical textures could be accurately transferred to the polymer. Finally, the wettability of the single- and multi-scaled textured PET surfaces was characterized with a drop shape analyzer, revealing that the highest water contact angles were reached for the hierarchical patterns. Particularly, this angle was increased from 77° on the untreated PET up to 105° for a hierarchical structure processed with a DLW spot distance of 60 µm and with 10 pulses for the DLIP treatment.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hierarchical Microtextures Embossed on PET from Laser-Patterned Stamps

et al. 2021

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“…Laser engraving technology uses high-energy laser beams for noncontact surface engraving of materials [ 40 , 41 ]. The ALC is equipped with sensors and a control system that monitors the laser beam’s focal point position and automatically adjusts the cutting head’s height [ 37 , 38 ], optimizing cutting quality, reducing costs, and enhancing production efficiency and consistency [ 40 , 42 ]. Based on the present results, the ALC is proposed as a novel tool for surface treatment of PEEK to improve its properties and enhance bonding with resin cement.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing Dental Cement Bond Strength with Autofocus-Laser-Cutter-Generated Grooves on Polyetheretherketone Surfaces

Peng,

Ma,

Lee

et al. 2023

Polymers

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Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) is widely used in dentistry owing to its exceptional properties, including its natural appearance; however, existing surface treatment methods for bonding PEEK have limitations. Autofocus laser cutters, known for their precise engraving and cutting capabilities, offer potential for surface treatment of PEEK; thus, the objective of this study was to investigate the creation of laser groove structures on PEEK to enhance its bonding capability with dental resin cement. A dental computer-aided design and manufacturing system was used to fabricate PEEK samples, and three groove patterns (circle, line, and grid) were generated on PEEK surfaces, with air-abrasion used as the control group. The surface characteristics, cell viability, and bond strength were evaluated, and the data were statistically analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and post hoc Tukey’s tests (α = 0.05). Laser-treated PEEK exhibited a uniform texture with a groove depth of approximately 39.4 µm, hydrophobic properties with a contact angle exceeding 90°, a surface roughness of 7.3–12.4 µm, consistent topography, and comparable cell viability compared with untreated PEEK. Despite a decrease in bond strength after thermal cycling, no significant intergroup differences were observed, except for the line-shaped laser pattern. These findings indicate that the autofocus laser cutter effectively enhances the surface characteristics of PEEK by creating a uniform texture and grooves, showing promise in improving bonding properties, even considering the impact of thermal cycling effects.

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“…This makes it necessary to account for these differences when designing the process. Previous research [12][13][14][15][16][17] has provided a summary of the factors that might impact the surface roughness. These factors include scanning speed, focal distance, scan gap, and laser power.…”

Section: The Effect Of Co2 Laser Engrave Parameters On Surface Roughn...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Co2 Laser Engrave Parameters on Surface Roughness on Polymethylmethacrylate (Pmma)

Isnin,

Sh Abdul Nasir,

Hemdi

et al. 2023

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The investigation of the laser engraving process has been the focus of a significant amount of research in the field of laser machines. On the surface of the material, gaps and imperfections will appear as a natural result of the engraving process. It is widely held that the surface texture of a material has a significant impact on the material's mechanical qualities, as well as its functional performance and aesthetic appeal. As a result, the purpose of this study is to investigate the influence that different process parameters have on the PMMA (polymethylmethacrylate) surface during the engraving process. PMMA was used throughout this investigation in the engraving process, which was carried out by a machine equipped with a 40W CO2 laser tube. In order to explore the effect that laser engraving has on materials, a total of 25 separate experiments were carried out in line with the Taguchi design principles. It has been investigated how surface roughness (Ra), as well as total machining time, is affected by the laser power, scanning speed, scan gap, and nozzle distance that are considered to be input factors. According to the findings, the surface roughness of the sample had a value that varied from 0.810 to 5.159 micrometres when measured in terms of distance. The factor that has the greatest influence on the Ra value is the scanning speed, which is followed by the nozzle distance, laser power, and scan gap. On the other hand, the amount of time necessary for the machine to finish engraving on the sample can range anywhere from 58 to 135 seconds, with the scanning speed being the characteristic that has the most influence on this figure.

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Process Optimization for 100 W Nanosecond Pulsed Fiber Laser Engraving of 316L Grade Stainless Steel

Cited by 10 publications

References 24 publications

Hierarchical Microtextures Embossed on PET from Laser-Patterned Stamps

Hierarchical Microtextures Embossed on PET from Laser-Patterned Stamps

Enhancing Dental Cement Bond Strength with Autofocus-Laser-Cutter-Generated Grooves on Polyetheretherketone Surfaces

The Effect of Co2 Laser Engrave Parameters on Surface Roughness on Polymethylmethacrylate (Pmma)

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