Process monitoring using ultrasonic sensor systems

Henning, Bernd; Rautenberg, Jens

doi:10.1016/j.ultras.2006.05.048

Cited by 61 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…This is caused by the sustained oscillation of the quartz crystal due to the low acoustic impedance of the fluid, where the kinetic energy of the oscillating quartz crystal is not efficiently transmitted to the fluid. Compared to liquids, gases have a significantly lower acoustic impedance I 0 = ρ · c, which quantifies the resistance of the fluid to the propagation of sound, 19 mainly due to their low density ρ. Exciting the quartz crystal with fewer periods does not alter the problem of a sustained echo.…”

Section: Pulse Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Burst design and signal processing for the speed of sound measurement of fluids with the pulse-echo technique

Dubberke

Baumhögger

Vrabec

2015

Review of Scientific Instruments

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The pulse-echo technique determines the propagation time of acoustic wave bursts in a fluid over a known propagation distance. It is limited by the signal quality of the received echoes of the acoustic wave bursts, which degrades with decreasing density of the fluid due to acoustic impedance and attenuation effects. Signal sampling is significantly improved in this work by burst design and signal processing such that a wider range of thermodynamic states can be investigated. Applying a Fourier transformation based digital filter on acoustic wave signals increases their signal-to-noise ratio and enhances their time and amplitude resolutions, improving the overall measurement accuracy. In addition, burst design leads to technical advantages for determining the propagation time due to the associated conditioning of the echo. It is shown that the according operation procedure enlarges the measuring range of the pulse-echo technique for supercritical argon and nitrogen at 300 K down to 5 MPa, where it was limited to around 20 MPa before.

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Section: Pulse Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Burst design and signal processing for the speed of sound measurement of fluids with the pulse-echo technique

Dubberke

Baumhögger

Vrabec

2015

Review of Scientific Instruments

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“…Therefore, ultrasound sensor systems open in‐line applications in many processes for many substances such as product characterization in the food, chemical, pharmaceutical and petrol industries, control of sewage treatment, or polymerization processes, and monitoring of chemical etching . Moreover, typical industrial applications of ultrasound for concentration measurement and process monitoring include those of chemical and pharmaceutical industry (polymerization, paints, and waste water treatment), food industry (beverage, dairy, and starch production), and biotechnology (fermentation process, enzyme concentration) . One of the widespread applications is the utilization of ultrasound for concentration measurement during yeast fermentation process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Robust spectral estimation for speed of sound with phase shift correction applied online in yeast fermentation processes

Hussein

Becker

2012

Engineering in Life Sciences

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Ultrasound techniques are well suited to provide real‐time characterization of bioprocesses in non‐invasive, non‐contact, and non‐destructive low‐power consumption measurements. In this paper, a spectral analysis method was proposed to estimate time of flight (TOF) between the propagated echoes, and its corresponding speed of sound (USV). Instantaneous power spectrum distribution was used for accurate detection of echo start times, and phase shift distribution for correcting the involved phase shifts. The method was validated by reference USV for pure water at 9–30.8°C, presenting a maximum error of 0.22%, which is less than that produced by the crosscorrelation method. Sensitivity analyses indicated a precision of 6.4 × 10−3% over 50 repeated experiments, and 0.11% over two different configurations. The method was competently implemented online in a yeast fermentation process, and the calculated USV was combined with temperature and nine signal features in an artificial neural network. The network was designed by back propagation algorithm to estimate the instantaneous density of the fermentation mixture, producing a maximum error of 0.95%.

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“…Ultrasonic sensors are ideal in sensing uneven surfaces such as liquid, clear object and object in dirty environment because it uses sound waves of different frequency and range. Typically, ultrasound sensor allow continuous monitoring of tested medium, have fast sensor response, robust and long -term stable sensor which is ideal to be used in industries for monitoring purpose [3].…”

Section: A Ultrasonic Sensormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Eventhogh this sensor proves to be one of the best sensors to be used, there is still an advantage such as fully depends on acoustic properties of specific concentration and temperature [3].…”

Section: A Ultrasonic Sensormentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasonic transducer kit for bacteria growth monitoring system

Salwa

Sundaraj

Azamimi

et al. 2010

2010 6th International Colloquium on Signal Processing &Amp; Its Applications

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In food process industries, sometimes there was food contamination even when it is still in process. Same as other industries when involved with liquid, product contamination which caused by bacteria can affect the quality and company reputation itself. Therefore, the bacteria growth monitoring system which has fast response and reliability is important in helping the industries control process. In this study, a method of monitoring bacteria growth using ultrasonic sensor has been developed based on measuring frequency and impedance measurement of the liquid medium. In developing a fully functional transducer that can be used directly, a transmitter and receiver circuit for the sensor, and the container to place the bacteria was designed. The transducer proves able to differentiate the change in viscosity and able to be use in different temperature.

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Process monitoring using ultrasonic sensor systems

Cited by 61 publications

References 4 publications

Burst design and signal processing for the speed of sound measurement of fluids with the pulse-echo technique

Burst design and signal processing for the speed of sound measurement of fluids with the pulse-echo technique

Robust spectral estimation for speed of sound with phase shift correction applied online in yeast fermentation processes

Ultrasonic transducer kit for bacteria growth monitoring system

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