Process modeling of the ohmic loss in proton exchange membrane fuel cells

Niya, Seyed Mohammad Rezaei; Hoorfar, Mina

doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2013.12.083

Cited by 35 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Therefore, this equivalent circuit predicts that HFR (which is just an ordinary resistance) is not the only part of the Nyquist plot which is affected by the membrane. In fact, it can be shown [34] that the ohmic loss also affects the low-frequency (LF) arc which is circled in Fig. 1.…”

Section: Semi-process Modeling Approachmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Assuming this equivalent circuit, these semi-process models have unintentionally supposed that the role of the membrane can only be tracked in HFR. However, using the process modeling approach, it can be shown [34] that the ohmic loss has the impedance in the form Clearly, the block of elements containing C M , R 1,M , R 2,M , and L M has certainly imaginary parts (i.e., (iu) terms due to the capacitive and inductive elements). Therefore, this equivalent circuit predicts that HFR (which is just an ordinary resistance) is not the only part of the Nyquist plot which is affected by the membrane.…”

Section: Semi-process Modeling Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If a block does not include any (iu) term, it can be considered as a resistance element in series with the remaining part [34]. If a block D in the equation is defined in a fashion that the equation can be reorganized as D/1þDciu, the block D is in parallel with the capacitance c.…”

Section: Procedures For Obtaining the Equivalent Circuitmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If the equation consists of (iu) 2 terms, it means that two capacitances, inductances or combinations of them are involved [34].…”

Section: Procedures For Obtaining the Equivalent Circuitmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Measurement, semi-process and process modeling of proton exchange membrane fuel cells

Niya

Hoorfar

2015

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

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Section: Semi-process Modeling Approachmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Semi-process Modeling Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Procedures For Obtaining the Equivalent Circuitmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If the equation consists of (iu) 2 terms, it means that two capacitances, inductances or combinations of them are involved [34].…”

Section: Procedures For Obtaining the Equivalent Circuitmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Measurement, semi-process and process modeling of proton exchange membrane fuel cells

Niya

Hoorfar

2015

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

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“…16 The remaining inconsistency is explained by a low-frequency inductive loop, the beginning of which can be observed in EIS experiments extended below 0.1 Hz. 15 Several explanations for this low-frequency inductive loop have been given, including water buildup in the membrane, [17][18][19][20][21] buildup of ORR intermediates, [22][23][24] and platinum oxide formation from water. 23,25 The effect of water buildup in the membrane was measured experimentally by Schneider et al, 17,26,27 using a superimposed highfrequency perturbation to monitor conductivity changes during EIS.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Physics-Based Impedance Model of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells Exhibiting Low-Frequency Inductive Loops

Setzler

Fuller

2015

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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A physics-based impedance model of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell is developed, incorporating a coupled oxide growthoxygen reduction reaction kinetic model. The oxide layer is shown to produce a low frequency inductive loop that agrees quantitatively with the experimental inductive loop at current densities as high as 800 mA/cm 2 , even when kinetic and mass-transfer parameters are fit from polarization curves and cyclic voltammetry instead of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The importance of the inductive loop in explaining both AC and DC results is discussed. © The Author(s) 2015. Published by ECS. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License (CC BY, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse of the work in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. [DOI: 10.1149/2.0361506jes] All rights reserved.Manuscript submitted October 31, 2014; revised manuscript received February 16, 2015. Published March 3, 2015 Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is a widely used technique in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) that separates differential contributions to cell overpotential by characteristic time constants. Analysis of EIS is difficult because there may be dozens of processes involved. It is standard to analyze EIS using equivalent electrical circuit models of the PEMFC, in which several key processes are represented by circuit elements such as the resistor, capacitor, Warburg element, and constant phase element. Fitting the experimental EIS data with an equivalent circuit model and obtaining circuit parameters is straightforward. Often, a close fit can be achieved with relatively few components, especially when constant phase elements are used. However, the challenge becomes determining which processes to include and converting the electrical circuit parameters back to meaningful cell parameters.Although the basic building blocks of equivalent circuits, for example the Randles circuit, have an exact physical interpretation, these elements are often applied to more complex processes without accounting for the differences. The circuits may fit the data perfectly, but the parameters have lost their original meaning. Often, some transport processes are faster than double layer charging, and as a result, are inseparable from charge-transfer resistance. Additionally, slow transport processes often contribute impedance that scales with chargetransfer resistance, rather than being independent. Unfortunately, it is common in the literature to see circuit parameters reported as results without a translation to meaningful physical parameters.An alternative approach is to model the physical processes occurring in an electrochemical cell during EIS experiments. This approach was pioneered by De Levie, 1 who calculated an analytical solution for the impedance of a porous electrode with a potential gradient, assuming linear kinetics and no concentration gradient. Keddam et al. 2 cons...

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Graded Microporous Layers for Enhanced Capillary‐Driven Liquid Water Removal in Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells

Shrestha

Ouellette

Lee

et al. 2019

Adv Materials Inter

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A novel microporous layer (MPL) is designed and fabricated with spatially graded poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) to alleviate liquid water flooding in the cathode gas diffusion layer (GDL) of the polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell. In operando GDL liquid water distributions are examined using synchrotron X‐ray radiography and oxygen mass transport resistance via electrochemical characterizations, and it is found that the graded PTFE content in the MPL results in enhanced PEM fuel cell performance at high current densities (≥ 1.0 A cm−2). Specifically, less liquid water accumulates within the cathode GDL substrate, and the oxygen mass transport resistance is substantially lowered. This lower substrate water content is attributed to enhanced capillary‐driven removal of liquid water through the use of the graded MPL. This study demonstrates how strongly the spatial distributions of wettability and pore size of the MPL influence the performance of the PEM fuel cell.

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Process modeling of the ohmic loss in proton exchange membrane fuel cells

Cited by 35 publications

References 40 publications

Measurement, semi-process and process modeling of proton exchange membrane fuel cells

Measurement, semi-process and process modeling of proton exchange membrane fuel cells

A Physics-Based Impedance Model of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells Exhibiting Low-Frequency Inductive Loops

Graded Microporous Layers for Enhanced Capillary‐Driven Liquid Water Removal in Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells

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