Process model and economic analysis of ethanol production from sugar beet raw juice as part of the cleaner production concept

Production of ethanol from raw juice and thick juice of sugar beet by continuous ethanol fermentation with flocculating yeast strain KF-7

“…Bacteria show a preference for thawed raw juice [5,10]. The result of a preliminary experiment showed that pasteurization of the thawed raw juice at 70 C for 3 h was sufficient prevent to bacterial contamination for 10 days because of no significant increase in concentrations of lactic acid and acetic acid.…”

“…The disadvantage of the intermediates is the poor storability of raw juice and thin juice, which are easily decomposed by microorganisms. In contrast, thick juice is suitable for long-term storage due to the high sugar concentration that inhibits microbial growth [5,10].…”

Swarm-Assisted Investment Planning of a Bioethanol Plant

“…If an end condition has been met, end processing; otherwise go to Step 3 Drops move individually until they reach a goal or evaporate -not being able to make a move. The probability that drop k located in node i selects another node j is the following: (11) … where: (12) N k (i) represents a set of neighbouring nodes connected to edges of the node in which drop k is located; altitude(i) indicates the amount of soil in node i, and distance(i,j) represents edge length between nodes i and j.…”

“…A number of factors affect the price of bioethanol: the current economic and political situation of a country, the size of taxes and subsidies, current demand for biofuels, and production and operating expenses [4,12]. Therefore, in the initial phases of an investment, the selection of appropriate equipment, technology of production, and the location of the plant itself is crucial [12].…”

Waste-to-energy status in Serbia

“…The country's economy is under serious strain and the balance of its budget has been deteriorating because of the oil import bill. The energetic security of the country has become increasingly more dependent on fossil fuels, most of which is imported oil that is vulnerable to supply disruptions and price volatility [1][2][3][4][5][6]. Major resources which will provide Serbia with most of its renewable energy in the future are hydropower, wind power, solar energy, geothermal energy, biomass, biogas and biofuels [7][8][9][10][11][12].…”