Process intensification of the catalytic hydrogenation of squalene using a Pd/CNT catalyst combining nanoparticles and single atoms in a continuous flow reactor

Vanoye, Laurent; Guicheret, Boris; Rivera‐Cárcamo, Camila; Contreras, Rosa; Bellefon, Claude de; Meille, Valérie; Philippe, Régis; Favre‐Réguillon, Alain

doi:10.1016/j.cej.2022.135951

Cited by 17 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…We demonstrated that the control of the ratio between Pd SA and Pd NP on carbon supports enables, thanks to cooperative catalysis, [17] the development of very active hydrogenation catalysts integrating the ultra‐rational usage of precious metals [18] . In particular, we reported that Pd/CNT catalysts show high activity compared to catalysts already described for hydrogenation of terpenes, i. e., myrcene and SQE in solution (0.33 M in heptane) [18b] . These catalysts should meet the need to increase catalytic activity for a highly demanding reaction like solvent‐free hydrogenation of SQE (Table 1, entry 6).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…[18] In particular, we reported that Pd/CNT catalysts show high activity compared to catalysts already described for hydrogenation of terpenes, i. e., myrcene and SQE in solution (0.33 M in heptane). [18b] These catalysts should meet the need to increase catalytic activity for a highly demanding reaction like solvent‐free hydrogenation of SQE (Table 1 , entry 6).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Solvent‐Free Hydrogenation of Squalene Using Parts per Million Levels of Palladium Supported on Carbon Nanotubes: Shift from Batch Reactor to Continuous‐Flow System

et al. 2022

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The transition from batch catalytic processes to continuous flow processes requires highly active and stable catalysts that still need to be developed. The preparation and characterization of catalysts where palladium single atoms and nanoparticles are simultaneously present on carbon nanotubes were recently reported by us. These catalysts are considerably more active than commercial or previously described catalysts for the liquid phase hydrogenation of terpenes. Herein is shown that under solvent-free conditions, squalene (SQE) could be converted into squalane (SQA, > 98 %) using only 300 ppm of Pd in less than 1.4 h at 20 bar H 2 and 120 °C. Catalyst stability was assessed in a lab-scale flow reactor, and long-term experiments led to turnover number (TON) higher than 300000 without any detectable loss in the activity. Then, the implementation of this catalyst in a commercial intensified continuous-flow millireactor pilot was achieved. High purity SQA (> 98 %) could be obtained by continuous hydrogenation of solvent-free SQE at 180 °C and 30 bar H 2 with a contact time below 15 min. A production capacity of 3.6 kg per day of SQA could be obtained with an effective reactor volume (V R ) of 43.2 mL for this complex 3 phase reaction. Large-scale production can now be foreseen thanks to seamless scale-up provided by the continuous flow pilot supplier.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solvent‐Free Hydrogenation of Squalene Using Parts per Million Levels of Palladium Supported on Carbon Nanotubes: Shift from Batch Reactor to Continuous‐Flow System

et al. 2022

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“…However, recent research studies have shown that the Miprowa can also be equipped by mixing structures prepared with a catalyst. For example, this has already been tested with 3D printed catalysts in a herringbone-like mixer design , and also with catalyst foam structures . Thus, Miprowa reactors are also suitable for multiphase reactions involving solids e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Liquid Properties and Design Parameters on Mass Transfer in Gas–Liquid Flow through a Miniaturized Reactor

Denker,

Thelen,

Herbstritt

et al. 2023

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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This paper presents the results of oxygen absorption from air in various liquid media within a rectangular milli-channel equipped with exchangeable staggered herringbone-like mixing inserts. We have determined the volumetric liquid-side mass transfer coefficient k L a using three different liquid substances (water, ethanol, and polypropylene glycol) in a range of superficial liquid velocities of 0.047–0.210 m s–1 and superficial gas velocities of 0.012–0.210 m s–1. From this data, we derived an empirical k L a-correlation. Overall, k L a values ranging from 0.036–0.515 s–1 were obtained, and the correlation predicts k L a with a coefficient of determination of R 2 = 0.93. We have also examined the influences of changing the static mixer design parameters on the mass transfer performance and evaluated the mixer efficiency by taking the power consumption into account. Depending on liquid properties, the right choice of a mixer design leads to a significant improvement in mass transfer and/or efficiency.

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“…Catalytic OCF are now widely used for process intensification due to the high mass and heat transfer and low pressure drop they offer. [13][14][15][16] 2 Experimental section…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Open cell foam materials as Pd reservoirs for Suzuki–Miyaura coupling catalysis at ppb level

et al. 2023

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Process intensification of the catalytic hydrogenation of squalene using a Pd/CNT catalyst combining nanoparticles and single atoms in a continuous flow reactor

Cited by 17 publications

References 45 publications

Solvent‐Free Hydrogenation of Squalene Using Parts per Million Levels of Palladium Supported on Carbon Nanotubes: Shift from Batch Reactor to Continuous‐Flow System

Solvent‐Free Hydrogenation of Squalene Using Parts per Million Levels of Palladium Supported on Carbon Nanotubes: Shift from Batch Reactor to Continuous‐Flow System

Influence of Liquid Properties and Design Parameters on Mass Transfer in Gas–Liquid Flow through a Miniaturized Reactor

Open cell foam materials as Pd reservoirs for Suzuki–Miyaura coupling catalysis at ppb level

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