Process intensification of element extraction using centrifugal contactors in the nuclear fuel cycle

Abstract

This review focuses on consolidating the sequential selective element extraction performed in the process intensification equipment known as Centrifugal Contactors (CCs), the unpredicted precipitation that arises, and finally solutions for inhibiting in situ solids formation.

Design of a Process‐Intensified Liquid‐Liquid Extraction Cell for Higher Temperature and Pressure

“…The active extraction section is divided into six compartments with the same arrangement and design for the spacers (10), stirrer modules (11), and sieve trays (12). The pulsation connection ( 5) is placed at a lower position to prevent the pul-sation from directly influencing the disperser (9).…”

“…Process intensification concepts are applied by introducing stirring and pulsation to achieve a higher separation efficiency while offering a high maximum throughput [8,9]. Other approaches for process intensification are, for example, by introducing reactive components [10], using centrifugal contractors [11], or scaling down the extraction device to the microfluidic level [12]. Microfluidic devices utilize the high surface-to-volume ratio to gain a high extraction efficiency [13].…”

New asymmetric tetradentate phenanthroline chelators with pyrazole and amide groups for complexation and solvent extraction of Ln(iii)/Am(iii)

“…[17][18][19] Although some of them have stripping difficulty 9 and slow solvent extraction kinetics, 11 others are expected to be used in SANEX (Selective ActiNide EXtraction) and related processes. 17,[19][20][21][22][23] On the other hand, malonamides and diglycolamide (DGA) for the DIAMEX (DIAMide EXtraction) process possess pure oxygen donor atoms. These ligands can remove An 3+ and Ln 3+ simultaneously from PUREX raffinate, [24][25][26][27][28][29] but cannot separate An 3+ from Ln 3+ efficiently without any other ligands with softer donor atoms.…”

In-Situ-Generated Fluoride-Assisted Rapid Dissolution of Uranium Oxides by Ionic Liquids

“…The proposed approach consists of two steps, viz., the dissolution of nuclear material oxides into the ionic liquid and the electrodeposition of the dissolved metal ion using appropriate potentials depending upon the requirement. This would also wash off the multiple separation schemes associated with the aqueous processing of actinides and long-lived fission products. − It is believed that due to the higher loading capacity of ionic liquid for actinide/lanthanide cations, the process would be more compact, with low personnel exposure and with the generation of less amount of radiotoxic wastes.…”