Process for recycling mixed-cathode materials from spent lithium-ion batteries and kinetics of leaching

Li, Li; Bian, Yifan; Zhang, Xiaoxiao; Guan, Yibiao; Fan, Ersha; Wu, Feng; Chen, Renjie

doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2017.10.028

Cited by 310 publications

(148 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…The sol‐gel resynthesis approach is interesting when predated by organic acid leaching, as the leachant can simultaneously serve as the chelating agent. Li et al demonstrated this “grave to cradle” approach by first optimizing the leaching of LIB cathodes with citric acid and H 2 O 2 to achieve efficiencies more than 95% for Li, Ni, Co, and Mn . The metal and citric acid concentrations were then adjusted by adding the appropriate reagents and the gel precursor was generated by evaporating water.…”

Section: Cathode Resynthesis Directly From Leachatementioning

confidence: 99%

Recycling of mixed cathode lithium‐ion batteries for electric vehicles: Current status and future outlook

et al. 2020

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Worldwide trends in mobile electrification, largely driven by the popularity of electric vehicles (EVs) will skyrocket demands for lithium‐ion battery (LIB) production. As such, up to four million metric tons of LIB waste from EV battery packs could be generated from 2015 to 2040. LIB recycling directly addresses concerns over long‐term economic strains due to the uneven geographic distribution of resources (especially for Co and Li) and environmental issues associated with both landfilling and raw material extraction. However, LIB recycling infrastructure has not been widely adopted, and current facilities are mostly focused on Co recovery for economic gains. This incentive will decline due to shifting market trends from LiCoO2 toward cobalt‐deficient and mixed‐metal cathodes (eg, LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2). Thus, this review covers recycling strategies to recover metals in mixed‐metal LIB cathodes and comingled scrap comprising different chemistries. As such, hydrometallurgical processes can meet this criterion, while also requiring a low environmental footprint and energy consumption compared to pyrometallurgy. Following pretreatment to separate the cathode from other battery components, the active material is dissolved entirely by reductive acid leaching. A complex leachate is generated, comprising cathode metals (Li+, Ni2+, Mn2+, and Co2+) and impurities (Fe3+, Al3+, and Cu2+) from the current collectors and battery casing, which can be separated and purified using a series of selective precipitation and/or solvent extraction steps. Alternatively, the cathode can be resynthesized directly from the leachate.

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Section: Cathode Resynthesis Directly From Leachatementioning

confidence: 99%

Recycling of mixed cathode lithium‐ion batteries for electric vehicles: Current status and future outlook

et al. 2020

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“…Povećana upotreba Li-jonskih baterija nametnula je potrebu za njihovom intenzivnom reciklažom. Predviđa se da će do 2020. godine, 13 828 tona baterija biti raspoloživo za reciklažu i to samo u zemljama Evropske unije [2]. Pri tome, treba voditi računa da se jedino pravilnim tretiranjem elektronskog otpada štiti životna sredina i ujedno smanjuje iscrpljivanje prirodnih resursa onih metala koji se u baterijama nalaze u visokim koncentracijama.…”

Section: Uvodunclassified

Toxicity of basic components in li-ion batteries

Medic¹,

Alagić²,

Milić³

2019

Zaštita materijala

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Toksičnost osnovnih komponenti u Li-jonskim baterijama IZVOD Li-jonske baterije sadrže veliki broj štetnih komponenti, čije prisustvo u životnoj sredini može izazvati neželjene posledice po zdravlje ljudi. Primenom inovacija u tehnologiji reciklaže Li-jonskih baterija može se postići značajan stepen zaštite ljudi i životne sredine uopšte. Međutim, opasnost od ekspolozije i oslobađanja toksičnih materija ne može biti isključena čak ni u slučaju primene najnovijih modernih tehnologija. U cilju blagovremenog prepoznavanja potencijalnih opasnosti, u ovom radu je opisano moguće toksikološko dejstvo najvažnijih komponenti Li-jonskih baterija, sa posebnim akcentom na upotrebljene elektrolite. Takođe, predložene su i određene mere predostrožnosti prilikom reciklažnih postupaka, a koje bi u znatnoj meri poboljšale bezbednost uposlenih lica.

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“…The alkali discharge from the spent batteries is a serious concern which affects the nearby water bodies and soil. A fresh zinc‐carbon battery consists of Zn metal as anode and MnO 2 as cathode bobbin, whereas a fully‐discharged zinc‐carbon battery contains manganese oxides along with carbon as major components . Hence, recycling of the dry cells can offer both environmental and economic benefits as valuable metal components can be recovered.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These processes either need high temperature or vigorous chemical treatments which further pollute the environment. By the way, Li et al., reported one‐pot leaching‐combustion method for extraction of zinc oxide nanoparticles from the spent battery . Qu et al., has extracted Zn x Mn 1‐x O nanoparticles from the spent dry cell and applied them for photocatalytic degradation of bisphenol A …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disposed Dry Cells as Sustainable Source for Generation of Few Layers of Graphene and Manganese Oxide for Solid‐State Symmetric and Asymmetric Supercapacitor Applications

2018

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Recycling electronic wastes (e‐wastes) is one of the steps to build greener and cleaner environment. In this work, re‐using of disposed dry cell (zinc‐carbon battery) components to generate graphene and manganese oxide for energy storage application has been demonstrated. The obtained materials have been characterized by X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscope. The electrochemical performances of the generated graphene and the MnO2 have been examined in 1M H2SO4. The symmetric (MnO2|PVA:H2SO4|MnO2) and asymmetric (Graphene|PVA:H2SO4|MnO2) supercapacitors were fabricated and their performances were evaluated. The fabricated proto‐type asymmetric device delivered energy density as high as 68 W h kg‐1 at power density of 8010 W kg‐1 with a wide operating potential up to 1.6 V. The device had a long life of 5000 cycles with high Coulombic efficiency as high as 90 %. The observed such an excellent electrochemical performances are attributed to the large surface area and high conductivity of the graphene nanonetwork and nanoporous MnO2 extracted from the disposed dry cell. The two asymmetric proto‐type devices connected in series could light an LED for about 10 min in one charge.

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Process for recycling mixed-cathode materials from spent lithium-ion batteries and kinetics of leaching

Cited by 310 publications

References 43 publications

Recycling of mixed cathode lithium‐ion batteries for electric vehicles: Current status and future outlook

Recycling of mixed cathode lithium‐ion batteries for electric vehicles: Current status and future outlook

Toxicity of basic components in li-ion batteries

Disposed Dry Cells as Sustainable Source for Generation of Few Layers of Graphene and Manganese Oxide for Solid‐State Symmetric and Asymmetric Supercapacitor Applications

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