Process flow diagram of an ammonia plant as a complex network

Abstract

Complex networks have attracted increasing interests in almost all

Statistical properties of visibility graph of energy dissipation rates in three-dimensional fully developed turbulence

“…We also observe that the data points of the random spanning tree are more dispersive in the scatter plot than those of the skeleton. It is interesting to note that this allometric scaling exponent is quite universal in many different networks [38,42]. However, the physical implication and the relation to the dynamics of the turbulence signal of this universal topological structure of the visibility graph are unclear.…”

“…It follows that 1 < η < 2. We note that not all trees exhibit allometric scaling properties [39,42], and different spanning trees for the same network may exhibit different allometric features.…”

Analyzing and modeling real-world phenomena with complex networks: a survey of applications

“…The authors investigated how individual firms interacted with one another and how they supported the robustness of the system. While applying complex networks concepts in chemistry, Jiang et al [429] showed how an ammonia plant can be mapped in a complex network with small-world properties. The ammonia plant network is weakly self-similar and possesses a modular structure, with each community representing a modular section in chemical plants.…”

Statistical properties of world investment networks

“…We note that not all trees have such allometric scaling, such as the classic Cayley trees [43]. For spanning trees extracted from transportation networks, the power law exponent η is a measure of transportation efficiency [40,42].…”