Process Evaluation in the Community Intervention Trial for Smoking Cessation (COMMIT)

Corbett, Kitty; Thompson, Beti; White, Norman; Taylor, Martin S.

doi:10.2190/9ejj-grlm-x1eb-gbgd

Cited by 25 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Recent trials have included rigorous assessments of the implementation of interventions through process tracking systems measuring such indicators as dose, or the amount of intervention delivered; fidelity, or the extent to which the intervention was delivered as planned; and program coverage, including participation (44,130,131,177). These data provide important information that enhances the ability to interpret outcome assessments, identify competing explanations for observed effects, and measure exposure to the intervention.…”

Section: Utilizing Rigorous Process Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implications of the Results of Community Intervention Trials

Sorensen

Emmons

Hunt

et al. 1998

Annu. Rev. Public Health

273

180

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This paper examines the results of population-level interventions conducted in three settings: entire communities, worksites, and schools. Four major conclusions are discussed: (a) Directions for the next generation of community-based interventions include targeting multiple levels of influence; addressing social inequalities in disease risk; involving communities in program planning and implementation; incorporating approaches for "tailoring" interventions; and utilizing rigorous process evaluation. (b) In addition to randomized controlled trials, it is time to use the full range of research phases available, from hypothesis generation and methods development to dissemination research. (c) The public health research agenda may have contributed to observed secular trends by placing behavioral risk factors on the social and media agendas. (d ) The magnitude of the results of community intervention trials must be judged according to their potential public health or population-level effects. Small changes at the individual level may result in large benefits at the population level.

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Section: Utilizing Rigorous Process Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implications of the Results of Community Intervention Trials

Sorensen

Emmons

Hunt

et al. 1998

Annu. Rev. Public Health

273

180

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Although many studies designed to assess interventions to alter health behavior, policies, or the environment have recognized the importance of collecting process data (Ramirez et al 1995;Flora et al 1993;Corbett et al 1991;LeFebvre et al 1987;Taggart et al 1990;Botvin et al 1995), most have used the findings to describe implementation and reach of the program efforts (Ramirez et al 1995;Flora et al 1993;LeFebvre et al 1987). Process data are less frequently tied to study outcomes.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Process Data To Explain Outcomes

et al. 1996

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The purpose of this article is to illustrate the use of process evaluation for understanding study outcomes. Data from the Child and Adolescent Trial for Cardiovascular Health (CATCH), a large school-based field trial, are used. Teacher characteristics, measures of classroom curriculum implementation, and competing influences are linked to changes in dietary knowledge, intentions, and self-efficacy of students in the intervention schools. Multiple regression analyses indicate that teacher characteristics did not predict program implementation. Teacher characteristics and program fidelity, or the number of modifications made to the classroom curriculum during implementation, had direct and independent effects on student outcomes.

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“…In smoking cessation, for example, researchers may count whether cessation materials were received and read by individuals; in dietary change, they may assess availability of fruits and vegetables in the home; in physical activity, they may assess access to safe walking areas. This type of evaluation has not been well applied to community studies, although some studies of cardiovascular disease prevention, among others, have included elements designed to capture the processes of intervention in their evaluation plans (27,38,47,75,102).…”

Section: Multifaceted Interventionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methodologic Advances and Ongoing Challenges in Designing Community-Based Health Promotion Programs

Thompson

Coronado

Snipes

et al. 2003

Annu. Rev. Public Health

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s Abstract Community intervention trials continue to attract researchers as potential ways to achieve widespread, long-term change in health behaviors. The first generations of community studies were somewhat unsophisticated in design and analysis, and their promise may have been overstated. As design and analysis issues were better defined, as secular trends caught up with the behaviors that researchers were trying to change, or as other unknown variables affected community studies, small effects of interventions were observed in community trials. Discussions were held in professional meetings and reported in the literature: Should community trials be discontinued? In general, the answer was a qualified no. In this paper, we briefly review some of the many advances made in community intervention trials, and address in more detail the challenges ahead. INTRODUCTIONMuch of the risk for chronic disease is behavioral and can be controlled. Many cancer factors, for example, are related to diet, smoking, and sexual behavior; these lifestyle behaviors account for up to 70 percent of all cancers (44, 70,110). Lifestyle behaviors are similarly important in the prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD), much of which is attributed to the behavioral factors of diet, smoking, and uncontrolled hypertension (48, 56, 61). Other chronic diseases, including diabetes (13,100,133), arthritis (9, 92), and osteoporosis (3, 92), may be prevented by behavioral changes in diet and exercise. Numerous experimental studies designed to modify health-risk behaviors have been conducted. Success rates of such programs are generally determined in randomized trials, and the great bulk of such trials have focused on the individual, i.e., they rely on volunteers to participate in the experiment. Such trials may have an effect on the individual participants but have limited ability to achieve widespread, large-scale changes in the health-risk behaviors of the population as a whole.The past three decades have seen a change in the manner in which many lifestyle behaviors are viewed. Increasingly, smoking is perceived not as an individual problem, but as a public health problem, in need of policies to control where smoking is allowed (59, 77). Similarly, fluoride is added to water to reduce dental caries (72,96). Seat belt usage is required by law in many states (43, 62,119), as are helmets for motorcycle riders (8,90,97). Dietary habits also are no longer considered purely individual matters. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration and the United States Department of Agriculture have produced a report recommending reform in food and nutrition labeling (6,104,130).This approach to behavior is familiar to many public health and health-promotion researchers. The increasing focus on "the public" in health promotion is due, at least in part, to growing recognition that behavior is greatly influenced by the social environment in which people live. Local values, norms, and behavioral patterns have a significant effect on shaping an individual's attitudes a...

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Process Evaluation in the Community Intervention Trial for Smoking Cessation (COMMIT)

Cited by 25 publications

References 7 publications

Implications of the Results of Community Intervention Trials

Implications of the Results of Community Intervention Trials

Using Process Data To Explain Outcomes

Methodologic Advances and Ongoing Challenges in Designing Community-Based Health Promotion Programs

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