Process equipment problems caused by interaction with hydrogen—an overview

Prescott, G. R.; Shannon, Brian

doi:10.1002/prs.680200113

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…In order to prevent failures design codes based on the Nelson curves have been introduced to avoid certain grades of steel in environments that are susceptible to hydrogen attack [8]. Not all failures were eliminated however, as Prescott [9] reports the deterioration of equipment which has been in service for long periods, and the Nelson curves have been adjusted several times. The conclusion of the report by Prescott [9] establishes that the equipment operating under conditions which cause hydrogen attack should be considered as if it was degrading even if the operation of the equipment was designed according to the Nelson curves.…”

Section: Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Reconstruction of temperature distribution in a steel block using an ultrasonic sensor array

Gajdacsi¹,

Jarvis²,

Cegla³

2013

AIP Conference Proceedings

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Section: Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Reconstruction of temperature distribution in a steel block using an ultrasonic sensor array

Gajdacsi¹,

Jarvis²,

Cegla³

2013

AIP Conference Proceedings

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“…Design codes have been introduced based on the Nelson curves to avoid certain grades of steel in environments that are susceptible to hydrogen attack [8], but there have still been failures in equipment that has been in service for long periods [9] and the Nelson curves have been adjusted several times. Prescott [9] concludes that the equipment operating under conditions that cause hydrogen attack should be considered as if it was degrading even if the operation of the equipment was designed according to the Nelson curves. It is necessary therefore to monitor the condition of the vessel in use.…”

Section: Hydrogen Attackmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reconstruction of Temperature Distribution in a Steel Block Using an Ultrasonic Sensor Array

et al. 2014

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Permanently installed ultrasonic sensors have the capability of measuring much smaller changes in the signal than conventional sensors that are used for ultrasonic inspections. This is because uncertainties associated with coupling fluids and positional offsets are eliminated. Therefore it is potentially possible to monitor the onset of material degradation. A particular degradation mechanism that we are keen to monitor is high temperature hydrogen attack; where the amount of damage is linked to a drop in ultrasonic velocity which we hope can be monitored for with an ultrasonic array. The changes introduced in the ultrasonic propagation velocity are expected to be of the order of 1 % and in practice they are observable only from a very limited field of view (i.e. from the outside of a pipe) and therefore the reconstruction is challenging to accomplish. In order to explore the feasibility of this, we are investigating the reconstruction of a non-uniform temperature distribution which allows us to quickly evaluate the sensitivity of our method to small spatial variations in ultrasonic velocity of the material. Two reconstruction algorithms were implemented and their performance compared in simulated and real measurements. The results of the tests were encouraging: local temperature differences as low as 10 • C could be detected, which corresponds to a local propagation velocity change of 5 m/s (0.15 % relative velocity change).

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Process equipment problems caused by interaction with hydrogen—an overview

Abstract: Hydrogen damages equipment in several ways. Hydrogen attack, embrittlement, crack initiation and propagation, and other mechanisms are constant threats to equipment integrity. Ways to avoid these problems are discussed.

Cited by 2 publications

References 2 publications

Reconstruction of temperature distribution in a steel block using an ultrasonic sensor array

Reconstruction of temperature distribution in a steel block using an ultrasonic sensor array

Reconstruction of Temperature Distribution in a Steel Block Using an Ultrasonic Sensor Array

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