Process enhancement of supercritical methanol biodiesel production by packing beds

Qiao, Bao-Quan; Zhou, Dan; Li, Gen; Yin, Jinling; Xue, Song; Liu, Jiao

doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2016.12.085

Cited by 31 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Recently, a new type of chemical, the so-called ionic liquids (ILs), and non-catalysed routes under supercritical conditions have gained attraction among researchers [28][29][30][31]. Even though both strategies have been successfully performed on a laboratory scale, their industrial acceptance and application are still limited due to their high capital and operational cost, non-conformity of the recovery methods, low reusability of ILs, and several technical and operational challenges, including the requirement of heating instrument and high-pressure vessels resulting in high energy demand [32][33][34][35][36].…”

Section: Biodiesel Production Routesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodiesel Production from Palm Oil, Its By-Products, and Mill Effluent: A Review

2018

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The sustainability of petroleum-based fuel supply has gained broad attention from the global community due to the increase of usage in various sectors, depletion of petroleum resources, and uncertain around crude oil market prices. Additionally, environmental problems have also arisen from the increasing emissions of harmful pollutants and greenhouse gases. Therefore, the use of clean energy sources including biodiesel is crucial. Biodiesel is mainly produced from unlimited natural resources through a transesterification process. It presents various advantages over petro-diesel; for instance, it is non-toxic, biodegradable, and contains less air pollutant per net energy produced with low sulphur and aromatic content, apart from being safe. Considering the importance of this topic, this paper focuses on the use of palm oil, its by-products, and mill effluent for biodiesel production. Palm oil is known as an excellent raw material because biodiesel has similar properties to the regular petro-diesel. Due to the debate on the usage of palm oil as food versus fuel, extensive studies have been conducted to utilise its by-products and mill effluent as raw materials. This paper also discusses the properties of biodiesel, the difference between palm-biodiesel and other biodiesel sources, and the feasibility of using palm oil as a primary source for future alternative and sustainable energy sources.

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Section: Biodiesel Production Routesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodiesel Production from Palm Oil, Its By-Products, and Mill Effluent: A Review

2018

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“…[ 40 ] obtained 34% and 40% ethyl ester contents, respectively, from waste frying oil. Qiao [ 50 ] reported an increase from ≈30% to ≈60% in the content of methyl esters on raising the temperature from 250 to 300 °C.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Continuous Transesterification Reaction of Residual Frying Oil with Pressurized Ethanol Using KF/Clay as Catalyst

Zempulski

Trentini

Milinsk

et al. 2020

Euro J Lipid Sci & Tech

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The efficiency of a heterogeneous potassium fluoride (KF)/clay catalyst in continuous ester production from residual frying oil using pressurized ethanol is evaluated. Reactions without catalysts are conducted to determine the effect of the catalyst on ester yield. To verify the performance of the catalyst, the reactions are conducted for 3 h with determination of the ester yield every 30 min and characterization of the catalyst after each reaction. The influence of the temperature, catalyst mass used in the catalytic bed, and the residence time are evaluated. KF/clay is found to be efficient in ester synthesis and provides better results compared with non-catalytic reactions and the formation of esters is favored on increasing the temperature. The ester yields remain stable over time at 275 and 300°C but at 225 and 250°C the yields decrease by 48.42% and 38.40%, respectively. This may be due to the lower diffusion coefficient at these temperatures, implying that the reaction occurs preferentially at the catalyst surface. There is an increase in yield with an increase in the catalyst mass up to 2 g. The catalyst maintains its morphological characteristics after the reaction and the average mass loss in each reaction is <8%. Practical Applications: Transesterification at high temperature under pressurized conditions has great potential in biodiesel production, due to the efficiency in obtaining esters in short reaction times. In addition, the use of inexpensive and easily obtained clay-based catalysts contributes to higher yields and allows milder operating conditions. These factors make it possible to obtain biodiesel using a low-cost raw material (residual frying oil), under pressurized conditions, which will be of interest worldwide due to the various benefits linked to its use.

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“…Thus, irradiation‐assisted processes are similar to those in the conventional heating and mixing 108,109 . In a recent study by Qiao et al, 110 Dixon ring packing employed in the reactor system used during transesterification resulted in the increase in equilibrium yield of ester to a relatively the same magnitude as when the temperature was increased. In other words, assisted methods do not necessarily reduce process severity but could reduce processing time, and contact induced between molecules plays a key role in lowering the reaction temperature.…”

Section: Factors Affecting Non‐catalytic and Heterogeneous Solid Catamentioning

confidence: 91%

Non‐catalytic and heterogeneous acid/base‐catalyzed biodiesel production: Recent and future developments

Tran‐Nguyen

Ong

et al. 2020

Asia-Pacific J Chem Eng

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Biodiesel production technologies, which are non-catalytic and those involving the use of heterogeneous catalyst(s), have gained much interest owing to its high biodiesel and pure glycerol throughput. During the past 15 years, many studies were devoted to explore new catalysts as well as improve non-catalytic technologies with aims to ultimately industrialize such biodiesel production processes. This review elucidates the main process parameters that influences non-catalytic and heterogeneous-catalyzed biodiesel production processes. The common parameters among these technologies include the process temperature, alcohol/oil molar ratio, pressure, catalyst loading, and feedstock quality.Optimization of these process parameters is discussed according to the use of conventional method (one factor at a time [OFAAT]) or the use of statistical methods such as response surface methodology (RSM), artificial neural network (ANN), and Taguchi method. In addition, recent development on noncatalytic process and those involving the use of heterogeneous catalyst(s), such as glycerol-free processes under supercritical conditions of alkyl donors and strategies to improve properties of heterogeneous catalyst, are also reviewed.Finally, insight based on the published techno-economical evaluations is also tackled, and future prospects and research directions on these technologies are also discussed.

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Process enhancement of supercritical methanol biodiesel production by packing beds

Cited by 31 publications

References 48 publications

Biodiesel Production from Palm Oil, Its By-Products, and Mill Effluent: A Review

Biodiesel Production from Palm Oil, Its By-Products, and Mill Effluent: A Review

Continuous Transesterification Reaction of Residual Frying Oil with Pressurized Ethanol Using KF/Clay as Catalyst

Non‐catalytic and heterogeneous acid/base‐catalyzed biodiesel production: Recent and future developments

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