Process development to recover rare earth metals from monazite mineral: A review

Kumari, Archana; Panda, Rekha; Jha, Manis Kumar; Kumar, J. Rajesh; Lee, Jin Young

doi:10.1016/j.mineng.2015.05.003

Cited by 212 publications

(113 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Mineralogical observations suggest that monazite is the only LREE-bearing mineral which is found free in the micaceous residue stream and sometimes in association with rutile or micas (Dehaine and Filippov, 2015). Typical processing flowsheets of monazite start by physical beneficiation consisting mainly of high-capacity gravity separation steps, to take advantage of the high density of monazite which is between 4.98 and 5.43 g cm À3 (Jordens et al, 2013;Kumari et al, 2015). These steps are followed by additional gravity, magnetic, and occasionally flotation steps (Ferron et al, 1991;Houot, 1982).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rare earths (La, Ce, Nd) and rare metals (Sn, Nb, W) as by-products of kaolin production – Part 3: Processing of fines using gravity and flotation

Filippov

Dehaine

Filippova

2016

Minerals Engineering

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the average PZC of monazite in the absence of collector is around pH 5 (Cheng et al, 1993;Pavez et al, 1996). For more information about monazite flotation, the interested reader is directed to recent review articles (Chelgani et al, 2015;Kumari et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rare earths (La, Ce, Nd) and rare metals (Sn, Nb, W) as by-products of kaolin production – Part 3: Processing of fines using gravity and flotation

Filippov

Dehaine

Filippova

2016

Minerals Engineering

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“…However, the present research indicates that the synchysite can be dissolved in sulfuric acid solution same as bastnaesite. According to equation (1) in the synchysite ore the cerium oxide exists as Ce 3+ . However, in the present oxidized ore cerium should exist as the oxidized cerium (Ce 4+ ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…monazite (Ce, La, Nd, Th)PO 4 , xenotime YPO 4 , apatite Ca 5 (PO 4 ) 3 (F, Cl, OH)) and silicate (e.g. gadolinite (Ce, La, Nd, Y) 2 Fe 2+ Be 2 Si 2 O 10 ) [1,2]. The main rare earth processing steps comprised mining to obtain ore with rare earth oxides content of <1 -10%, milling and flotation to obtain a rare earth concentrate with total RE-oxide content of 30-70% for further processing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of rare earth oxides from Synchysite oxidized ore by acid leaching

et al. 2018

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Mixed rare earth oxides have been prepared from synchysite ore from the Lugiin gol rare earth deposit (Mongolia) which contains about 6% of cerium light rare earth elements. Ore powders were leached for up to 60 min using 80-120 g/l sulfuric acids at an acid to powder ratio of 20, agitation was performed by magnetic stirring followed by precipitation and calcination at 700°C for 1h. The highest leaching of REEs equal to 85% of the total REE was observed in the acid solution of 80 g/l. Obtained mixed rare earth oxides represent a layered type structure.

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“…sulphuric, nitric, and hydrochloric acid or strong alkalis, e.g. sodium hydroxide (Panda et al ., ; Kumari et al ., ):

{LnPO}_{4 ((), s)} + {3H}^{+}_{(aq)} \to {Ln}^{3 +}_{(aq)} + H_{3} {PO}_{4 ((), aq)}

{LnPO}_{4 ((), s)} + {3OH}^{-}_{(aq)} \to Ln {(OH)}_{3 ((), s)} + {PO}_{4}^{3 -}_{(aq)}

…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monazite transformation into Ce‐ and La‐containing oxalates by Aspergillus niger

Kang

Csetényi

Gadd

2020

Environmental Microbiology

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Summary Monazite is a naturally occurring lanthanide (Ln) phosphate mineral [Ln x(PO4) y] and is the main industrial source of the rare earth elements (REE), cerium and lanthanum. Endeavours to ensure the security of supply of elements critical to modern technologies view bioprocessing as a promising alternative or adjunct to new methods of element recovery. However, relatively little is known about microbial interactions with REE. Fungi are important geoactive agents in the terrestrial environment and well known for properties of mineral transformations, particularly phosphate solubilization. Accordingly, this research examined the capability of a ubiquitous geoactive soil fungus, Aspergillus niger, to affect the mobility of REE in monazite and identify possible mechanisms for biorecovery. It was found that A. niger could grow in the presence of monazite and mediated the formation of secondary Ce and La‐containing biominerals with distinct morphologies including thin sheets, orthorhombic tablets, acicular needles, and rosette aggregates which were identified as cerium oxalate decahydrate (Ce2(C2O4)3·10H2O) and lanthanum oxalate decahydrate (La2(C2O4)3·10H2O). In order to identify a means for biorecovery of REE via oxalate precipitation the bioleaching and bioprecipitation potential of biomass‐free spent culture supernatants was investigated. Although such indirect bioleaching of REE was low from the monazite with maximal lanthanide release reaching >40 mg L−1, leached REE were efficiently precipitated as Ce and La oxalates of high purity, and did not contain Nd, Pr and Ba, present in the original monazite. Geochemical modelling of the speciation of oxalates and phosphates in the reaction system confirmed that pure Ln oxalates can be formed under a wide range of chemical conditions. These findings provide fundamental knowledge about the interactions with and biotransformation of REE present in a natural mineral resource and indicate the potential of oxalate bioprecipitation as a means for efficient biorecovery of REE from solution.

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Process development to recover rare earth metals from monazite mineral: A review

Cited by 212 publications

References 52 publications

Rare earths (La, Ce, Nd) and rare metals (Sn, Nb, W) as by-products of kaolin production – Part 3: Processing of fines using gravity and flotation

Rare earths (La, Ce, Nd) and rare metals (Sn, Nb, W) as by-products of kaolin production – Part 3: Processing of fines using gravity and flotation

Preparation of rare earth oxides from Synchysite oxidized ore by acid leaching

Monazite transformation into Ce‐ and La‐containing oxalates by Aspergillus niger

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