Process Development of a Liquid-Liquid Phase Transfer of Colloidal Particles for Production of High-Quality Organosols

Erler, Jacqueline; Machunsky, Stefanie; Franke, Steffen; Grimm, P.; Schmid, Hans‐Joachim; Peuker, Urs A.

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-15129-8_16

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

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“…The BL exerts an important influence on ML dynamics and, in particular, the interplay between kinetic and potential energy processes. This may affect the ocean heat budget (Pailler et al, 1999;Swenson and Hansen, 1999) through the heat fluxes with the atmosphere impacting meteorological conditions and rainfall regimes, with, for example, the generation of heavy precipitations (Balaguru et al, 2012;Hounsou-gbo et al, 2015). The BL also inhibits the transport of nutrients from deep water into the ML, which may results in nutrients depleted surface water (Williams and Grottoli, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D characterisation of the thermohaline structure in the southwestern tropical Atlantic derived from functional data analysis of in situ profiles

Assunção

Silva²,

Roy

et al. 2020

Progress in Oceanography

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The dynamic of the thermohaline structure of the upper ocean, which depends on ocean-atmosphere interactions, drives most near surface oceanic processes, including the control of gases and heat fluxes, and nutrient availability in the photic layer. The thermohaline structure of the southwestern tropical Atlantic (SWTA), a key region for diagnosing variation of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation, has prime impact on global climate. Characterising the thermohaline structure is typically based on the application of classical statistical methods on vertical profiles. Such approach has important limitations since classical methods do not explicitly contemplate the vertical nature of the profiles. Functional Data Analysis (FDA) is a new alternative to solve such drawbacks. Here, we apply an FDA approach to characterise the 3D canonical thermohaline structure of the SWTA in austral spring and fall. Our results reveal a clear spatial pattern with the presence of three areas with significantly different thermohaline structure. Area 1, mostly located along the continental slope, reflects the western boundary current system, with low static stability and high frequency of occurrence of barrier layer (BL). Conversely, Area 2, located along the Fernando de Noronha chain, presents strong static stability with a well-marked thermocline. This area, under the influence of the eastern Atlantic, is characterised by a low BL frequency, which is seasonally modulated by the latitudinal oscillation of the Intertropical Convergence Zone, controlling the regime of precipitation. In turn, Area 3 behaves as a transition zone between A1 and A2 with the presence of the water core of maximum salinity in subsurface, and therefore presence of strong-moderate BL. Beyond this study, FDA approach emerges as a powerful way to describe, characterise, classify and compare ocean patterns and Please note that this is an author-produced PDF of an article accepted for publication following peer review. The definitive publisher-authenticated version is available on the publisher Web site.processes. It can be applied to in situ data but could also be used to deeply and comprehensively explore ocean model output. Highlights► The thermohaline structure drives most near surface oceanic processes. ► A functional data analysis approach is used to characterise in 3D the thermohaline structure of the southwestern tropical Atlantic in spring and fall. ► We reveal a clear spatial pattern with the presence of three areas with significantly different thermohaline structure. ► The picture provided can serve as a reference for diagnosing future variation in the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation.

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