Process development and policy implications for large scale deployment of solar-driven electrolysis-based renewable methanol production

Abstract

Using fossil fuels to meet energy demands has led to immense CO2 emissions, resulting in global warming.

Towards a low-carbon future: exploring green urea synthesis for sustainable agriculture

“…A more detailed description of process optimization for renewable hydrogen production can be found in a previous publication by the authors. 12 To obtain nitrogen, the air is compressed (K-101) and cooled to a cryogenic temperature of almost −196 °C, where it liquefies. 13 The liquefied air is then fed into a distillation column, which separates the gases through a process called cryogenic distillation.…”

“…Hydrogen production is the leading contributor to the environmental burden in most indicators due to energy-intensive electrolysis, consuming 52.2 kW per kg of hydrogen. 12,30,31 Therefore, the primary cause of the environmental burden is the production of solar panels/windmills, inverters, and mountings to generate a significant amount of electricity for the electrolyzer. The use of copper, aluminum, and steel in inverter production and electrical installations, and for constructing mounting systems significantly contributes to the environmental impact, resulting in high abiotic depletion potential, and freshwater aquatic ecotoxicity potential indicators.…”

Boosting the cost competitiveness of low-carbon ammonia by expanding emission trading system coverage in China

“…𝐹𝐿𝐻 is the full load hour, assumed to be 8,000 hours per year for conventional and low-carbon fossil ammonia projects 47 , while the full load hour of renewable ammonia equaled to that of provincial renewables 16,48 .…”

Biomimetic photocatalysts for the transformation of CO2: design, properties, and mechanistic insights

“…Methanol can be synthesized from carbon-containing materials such as natural gas, coal, biomass, and carbon dioxide (CO2). Natural gas is currently the primary source of methanol contributing approximately 90% to the world 111 million metric ton production [27].…”