Process design for lithium recovery using bipolar membrane electrodialysis system

Hwang, Chi Won; Jeong, Min Ho; Kim, Young Joong; Son, Won Keun; Kang, Kyung Suk; Lee, Chang‐Soo; Hwang, Taek Sung

doi:10.1016/j.seppur.2016.03.013

Cited by 60 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Thus, production of acids and bases from a salt solution is possible. Bipolar membrane electrodialysis (BMED) is a technology that has been studied in recent years for various applications, such as desalination [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ] and sodium hydroxide production [ 17 , 18 , 19 ], as well as boron recovery [ 20 ] and acid recovery [ 21 , 22 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the case of lithium, its recovery from waste streams has been studied using conventional electrodialysis [ 23 ] and bipolar membrane electrodialysis [ 21 , 24 , 25 , 26 ], generally recovering lithium in dilute LiOH solutions. Few works have been reported whose main focus is the production of lithium hydroxide by electromembrane processes [ 27 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Application and Analysis of Bipolar Membrane Electrodialysis for LiOH Production at High Electrolyte Concentrations: Current Scope and Challenges

et al. 2021

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The objective of this work was to evaluate obtaining LiOH directly from brines with high LiCl concentrations using bipolar membrane electrodialysis by the analysis of Li+ ion transport phenomena. For this purpose, Neosepta BP and Fumasep FBM bipolar membranes were characterized by linear sweep voltammetry, and the Li+ transport number in cation-exchange membranes was determined. In addition, a laboratory-scale reactor was designed, constructed, and tested to develop experimental LiOH production tests. The selected LiCl concentration range, based on productive process concentrations for Salar de Atacama (Chile), was between 14 and 34 wt%. Concentration and current density effects on LiOH production, current efficiency, and specific electricity consumption were evaluated. The highest current efficiency obtained was 0.77 at initial concentrations of LiOH 0.5 wt% and LiCl 14 wt%. On the other hand, a concentrated LiOH solution (between 3.34 wt% and 4.35 wt%, with a solution purity between 96.0% and 95.4%, respectively) was obtained. The results of this work show the feasibility of LiOH production from concentrated brines by means of bipolar membrane electrodialysis, bringing the implementation of this technology closer to LiOH production on a larger scale. Moreover, being an electrochemical process, this could be driven by Solar PV, taking advantage of the high solar radiation conditions in the Atacama Desert in Chile.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application and Analysis of Bipolar Membrane Electrodialysis for LiOH Production at High Electrolyte Concentrations: Current Scope and Challenges

et al. 2021

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“…The results show that after ED treatment of a Li 2 CO 3 feed solution using a bipolar membrane, the purity of the obtained LiOH can reach 95% [224]. The ED process combined with a bipolar membrane shows a promising ability for lithium recovery from boron-lithium mixed solutions [226][227][228][229]. Similar to the ED process using a monovalent ion exchange membrane, the lithium recovery rate using a bipolar membrane can be remarkably promoted at higher voltage [229].…”

Section: Electrodialysis Technologymentioning

confidence: 90%

Materials for lithium recovery from salt lake brine

et al. 2020

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Rapid developments in the electric industry have promoted an increasing demand for lithium resources. Lithium in salt lake brines has emerged as the main source for industrial lithium extraction, owing to its low cost and extensive reserves. The effective separation of Mg 2? and Li ? is critical to achieving high recovery efficiency and purity of the final lithium product. This paper summarizes Mg 2? /Li ? separation materials and methods in the field of lithium recovery from salt lake brines. The review begins with an introduction to the global distribution and demand for lithium resources, followed by a description of the materials used in various separation techniques, including precipitation, adsorption, solvent extraction, nanofiltration membrane, electrodialysis, and electrochemical methods. A comparison, analysis, and outlook of such methods are comprehensively discussed in terms of principles, mechanisms, synthesis/operation, development, and industrial applications. We conclude with a presentation of challenges and insights into the future directions of lithium extraction from salt lake brines. A combination of the advantages of various materials is the most logical step toward developing novel methods for extracting lithium from brines with high separation selectivity, stability, low cost, and environmentally friendly characteristics.

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“…Currently, there are mainly two classes of lithium extraction technologies: chemical methods[5] and electro-dialysis[6]. Chemical methods extract Li + from brines by precipitation[7,8], solvent extraction[9,10], adsorption[11–13], etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct numerical simulation of continuous lithium extraction from high Mg2+/Li+ ratio brines using microfluidic channels with ion concentration polarization

Gong

Ouyang

et al. 2018

Journal of Membrane Science

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A novel ion concentration polarization-based microfluidic device is proposed for continuous extraction of Li+ from high Mg2+/Li+ ratio brines. With simultaneous application of the cross-channel voltage that drives electroosmotic flow and the cross-membrane voltage that induces ion depletion, Li+ is concentrated much more than other cations in front of the membrane in the microchannel. The application of external pressure produces a fluid flow that drags a portion of Li+ (and Na+) to flow through the microchannel, while keeping most of Mg2+ (and K+) blocked, thus implementing continuous Li+ extraction. Two-dimensional numerical simulation using a microchannel of 120 µm length and 4 µm height and a model, highly concentrated brine, shows that the system may produce a continuous flow rate of 1.72 mm/s, extracting 25.6% of Li+, with a Li+/Mg2+ flux ratio of 2.81×103, at a pressure of 100 Pa and cross-membrane voltage of 100 times of thermal voltages (25.8 mV). Fundamental mechanisms of the system are elaborated and effects of the cross-membrane voltage and the external pressure are analyzed. These results and findings provide clear guidance for the understanding and designing of microfluidic devices not only for Li+ extraction, but also for other ionic or molecular separations.

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Process design for lithium recovery using bipolar membrane electrodialysis system

Cited by 60 publications

References 22 publications

Application and Analysis of Bipolar Membrane Electrodialysis for LiOH Production at High Electrolyte Concentrations: Current Scope and Challenges

Application and Analysis of Bipolar Membrane Electrodialysis for LiOH Production at High Electrolyte Concentrations: Current Scope and Challenges

Materials for lithium recovery from salt lake brine

Direct numerical simulation of continuous lithium extraction from high Mg2+/Li+ ratio brines using microfluidic channels with ion concentration polarization

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