Process Design and Techno-economic analysis of Hydrogen Production using Green Ammonia Imported from Australia- A Korea Case Study

Life Cycle Assessment of Inland Green Hydrogen Supply Chain Networks with Current Challenges and Future Prospects

“…NH 3 production is a well-known and mature process, and approximately 85% of the global NH 3 is manufactured using the Haber–Bosch process …”

“…Ammonia (NH 3 ) is also considered a potential candidate for hydrogen storage, owing to its high hydrogen content of 17.8% and existing transportation infrastructure. 23 In a recent study, Aziz et al studied the transportation of hydrogen from Australia to Japan in the form of LOHC, LH 2 , and NH 3 and concluded that NH 3 is the most cost-effective solution for hydrogen transportation over long distances. 24 In another study, Akhtar and Liu presented a comparative feasibility study on NH 3 as a hydrogen carrier via a techno-economic analysis of transporting NH 3 from Australia to Korea and concluded that using imported green NH 3 is an economically viable alternative compared with the domestic production and transportation of hydrogen.…”

“…24 In another study, Akhtar and Liu presented a comparative feasibility study on NH 3 as a hydrogen carrier via a techno-economic analysis of transporting NH 3 from Australia to Korea and concluded that using imported green NH 3 is an economically viable alternative compared with the domestic production and transportation of hydrogen. 23,25 However, it should be noted that not all economically optimal solutions are environmentally sustainable. From an environmental perspective, hydrogen production has been thoroughly studied.…”

“…However, for small transportation distances and low hydrogen demands, hydrogen transport as CGH 2 via high-pressure (HP) tube trailers and pipelines was declared a cost-effective alternative. Ammonia (NH 3 ) is also considered a potential candidate for hydrogen storage, owing to its high hydrogen content of 17.8% and existing transportation infrastructure . In a recent study, Aziz et al studied the transportation of hydrogen from Australia to Japan in the form of LOHC, LH 2 , and NH 3 and concluded that NH 3 is the most cost-effective solution for hydrogen transportation over long distances .…”

“…However, hydrogen supply chains need to be more comprehensively studied so as to develop a hydrogen storage infrastructure on a large scale. Previous studies have either considered the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions caused by the overall operational energy demand or performed life cycle assessments (LCA) for some particular aspects of hydrogen supply chains. − In the past few years, from an environmental perspective, only a few researchers have studied the gaseous pathways of hydrogen transportation while others studied the liquid pathways, concluding the best and worst techniques. However, afterward, the goal of what to do next was left as a question for research.…”