Process-based size-class distribution model of trees within forest plantations: A hierarchical modeling approach

Bruce, J.; Latham, Romanee; O’Grady, Anthony P.; Greenwood, Ashley

doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2015.02.015

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…TRIPLEX Wang et al, 2011;4C Lasch et al, 2005) and hierarchical modelling approaches (e.g. CABALA Battaglia et al, 2015). This empirical stand-level approach is consistent with empirical mortality functions (e.g.…”

Section: Integration At Which Scale?mentioning

confidence: 60%

Representation of species mixing in forest growth models. A review and perspective

Pretzsch

Forrester

Rötzer

2015

Ecological Modelling

170

120

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a b s t r a c tMixed-species forests can sometimes fulfil forest functions and services better than monocultures and are therefore receiving growing attention in forest science and practice. The productivity of mixtures and the interactions between species are influenced by the availability of different resources and climatic conditions, all of which change spatially and temporally. Models are a valuable tool for understanding and predicting how these interacting factors will influence the growth and other functions and services in mixed-species forests. However, concepts, models and theory are still mainly based on monocultures, which have dominated forest science since its beginnings. Recent empirical works report strong effects of mixing tree species on the environmental conditions within stands (e.g., vertical light profile, rooting space, humus layer), their functioning (e.g., photosynthetic rate, light use, growth), and tree and stand structure (e.g., crown and stem shape, shoot and root morphology). Process-based organ-or tree-level approaches reveal changed resource supply, flows and metabolic rates in high spatial and temporal resolution. Stand-level approaches usually provide predictions with a lower spatial and temporal resolution but can be more accurate in the longer-term. Many studies stress considerable effects of mixing tree species on growth dynamics, yield, resilience and stability, but these effects are still under-represented in existing models. We reviewed 54 forest growth models to show how they incorporate the variability of individual tree or species characteristics that occur in forests and how this variability influences the development and characteristics of the whole stand. While some organ-or tree-level models inherently integrate evident processes, stand-level models do not usually explicitly consider species interactions. Nevertheless, many processes that occur in mixtures can also be modelled at the stand level and are often included in stand-level monospecific models. Stand-level models are likely to offer a simpler alternative model structure for mixtures. We stress how both model approaches can be refined, benefit from mutual adjustment, and can be substantiated by further empirical research into mixed-species forests.

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Section: Integration At Which Scale?mentioning

confidence: 60%

Representation of species mixing in forest growth models. A review and perspective

Pretzsch

Forrester

Rötzer

2015

Ecological Modelling

170

120

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“…For each year, each density, and each species, the difference was not significant between observations and simulations, except for pines at the last year 4.2 Ecological insights from the modelling study This study illustrates how a general gap model, only considering the competition for one resource explicitly (i.e., light), was able to accurately depict experimental data. There have been already many attempts to use forest models to predict the effects of tree species mixture on forest productivity (see Pretzsch et al (2015a for review) in either naturally assembled composition (Forrester et al 2017;Morin et al 2011) or plantations (Battaglia et al 2015;Sapijanskas et al 2014). However, this study is the first one, to our knowledge, that shows how forest gap models can complement data from BEF experiments, which open promising perspectives for longterm predictions.…”

Section: Accuracy and Reliability Of The Model's Predictionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using forest gap models and experimental data to explore long-term effects of tree diversity on the productivity of mixed planted forests

Morin

Damestoy

Toïgo

et al. 2020

Annals of Forest Science

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Key message In this exploratory study, we show how combining the strength of tree diversity experiment with the long-term perspective offered by forest gap models allows testing the mixture yielding behavior across a full rotation period. Our results on a SW France example illustrate how mixing maritime pine with birch may produce an overyielding (i.e., a positive net biodiversity effect). Context Understanding the link between tree diversity and stand productivity is a key issue at a time when new forest management methods are investigated to improve carbon sequestration and climate change mitigation. Well-controlled tree diversity experiments have been set up over the last decades, but they are still too young to yield relevant results from a long-term perspective. Alternatively, forest gap models appear as appropriate tools to study the link between diversity and productivity as they can simulate mixed forest growth over an entire forestry cycle. Aims We aimed at testing whether a forest gap model could first reproduce the results from a tree diversity experiment, using its plantation design as input, and then predict the species mixing effect on productivity and biomass in the long term. Methods Here, we used data from different forest experimental networks to calibrate the gap model ForCEEPS for young pine (Pinus pinaster) and birch (Betula pendula) stands. Then, we used the refined model to compare the productivity of pure and mixed pine and birch stands over a 50-year cycle. The mixing effect was tested for two plantation designs, i.e., species substitution and species addition, and at two tree densities. Results Regarding the comparison with the experiment ORPHEE (thus on the short term), the model well reproduced the species interactions observed in the mixed stands. Simulations showed an overyielding (i.e., a positive net biodiversity effect) in pine-birch mixtures in all cases and during the full rotation period. A transgressive overyielding was detected in mixtures resulting from birch addition to pine stands at low density. These results were mainly due to a positive mixing effect on pine growth being larger than the negative effect on birch growth. Conclusion Although this study remains explorative, calibrating gap models with data from monospecific stands and validating with data from the manipulative tree diversity experiment (ORPHEE) offers a powerful tool for further investigation of the productivity of forest mixtures. Improving our understanding of how abiotic and biotic factors, including diversity, influence the functioning of forest ecosystems should help to reconsider new forest managements optimizing ecosystem services.

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“…That is, process-based or hybrid models should predict not only that overall growth rates are higher in thinned stands, but also the changes in duration of season and number of growth days. This is particularly the case with fine temporal scale models such as CABALA (Battaglia et al 2015) which are applied in predicting P. radiata growth and yield in Australia and internationally (Drew and Downes 2015;Drew et al 2017). It makes particular sense to link fine-scale dynamics in stem radial growth and wood formation to morphological and phenological variables, in appropriately developed functional-structural models, such as the framework proposed by Fernández et al (2011).…”

Section: Data Supporting Fine-scale Models Of Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth at the microscale: long term thinning effects on patterns and timing of intra-annual stem increment in radiata pine

Drew

Downes²

2018

For. Ecosyst.

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Background: Stem radial growth in forests is not uniform. Rather, it is characterized by periods of relatively fast or slow growth, or sometimes no growth at all. These fluctuations are generally a function of varying environmental conditions (e.g. water availability) and, importantly, will also be associated with adjustments in properties in the wood formed. Stand level conditions and forest management, particularly thinning and stand density will, however, also have a major influence on patterns of growth variation. We explore how different thinning histories and/or stand densities influence these dynamics of tree growth in the important commercial plantation species Pinus radiata D. Don. Methods: Daily stem size change was measured using electronic point dendrometers over two growing seasons on P. radiata trees at two sites, subjected to different thinning regimes. Timing, rates and periodicity of annual growth were calculated from these data. Results: Greater overall cross-sectional growth in thinned plots was driven mainly by two dynamics. First, the cessation of seasonal growth occurred at least 3 weeks later in the stands in which thinning had taken place. There was no difference between thinned/unthinned stands, however, in the timing of growth onset. Second, within the longer season, trees in thinned plots had more growth days (as much as 20% more) than unthinned plots. The rates of growth on days when growth occurred were not different, however. In this context, it is notable that in trees in the unthinned plots experiencing the most severe competition there were strong "pulses" of growth following drought-breaking rainfall events. Unthinned plots at high stand densities also maintained a smaller (but consistent) zone of dividing cells throughout the season than thinned plots. Conclusions: In Pinus radiata growing under conditions as in our study, conditions late in summer, particularly drought, have an important effect on the timing of cessation of growth. Early season temperature appears to have no effect in determining timing of annual growth. Limiting conditions during the season reduce growing duration, and thus total growth, more in unthinned stands than thinned stands. These findings are valuable in developing new generations of fine-scale growth and wood property models.

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Process-based size-class distribution model of trees within forest plantations: A hierarchical modeling approach

Cited by 7 publications

References 67 publications

Representation of species mixing in forest growth models. A review and perspective

Representation of species mixing in forest growth models. A review and perspective

Using forest gap models and experimental data to explore long-term effects of tree diversity on the productivity of mixed planted forests

Growth at the microscale: long term thinning effects on patterns and timing of intra-annual stem increment in radiata pine

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