Process and technoeconomic analysis of leading pretreatment technologies for lignocellulosic ethanol production using switchgrass

Tao, Ling; Aden, Andy; Elander, Richard T.; Pallapolu, Venkata Ramesh; Lee, Y.Y.; Garlock, Rebecca J.; Balan, Venkatesh; Dale, Bruce E.; Kim, Youngmi; Mosier, Nathan S.; Ladisch, Michael R.; Falls, Matthew; Holtzapple, Mark T.; Sierra, R.; Shi, Jian; Ebrik, Mirvat A.; Redmond, Tim; Yang, Bin; Wyman, Charles E.; Hames, Bonnie R.; Thomas, Steve; Warner, Ryan E.

doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2011.07.051

Cited by 274 publications

(179 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…A variety of raw materials, which require different process configurations, have been examined, including bagasse and sugar cane [21,22], switch grass [23,24], wood [25][26][27], and corn and corn stover [28][29][30]. However, to the best of the authors' knowledge, there are few reports on the technical and economic aspects of wheat straw biorefineries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined production of biogas and ethanol at high solids loading from wheat straw impregnated with acetic acid: experimental study and techno-economic evaluation

Joelsson

Dienes

Kovács

et al. 2016

Sustain Chem Process

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Background: Production of ethanol and biogas from acetic acid-impregnated steam-pretreated wheat straw was investigated. The solid fraction after pretreatment was used at high solids concentrations to generate ethanol by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF). The residual streams were evaluated with regard to biogas production. The experimental results were used to perform a techno-economic evaluation of a biorefinery concerning ethanol, raw biogas, pellet, and electricity production at various solid contents and residence times in the fermentation step. The configurations were also altered to include biogas upgrading to vehicle fuel quality or fermentation of xylose to ethanol. Results:At a water-insoluble solids (WIS) content in the SSF of between 10 and 20 %, the ethanol yields exceeded 80 %, the highest being 86 % at 12.5 % WIS, expressed as % of the theoretical maximum, based on the glucan content in SSF. Anaerobic digestion of wheat straw hydrolysate and stillage yielded 4.8 and 1.0-1.2 g methane/100 g dry straw, respectively, in 7-day experiments. Maximum recovery of overall product was achieved when SSF was run at between 10 and 15 % initial WIS content, for which the product yields from 100 g dry wheat straw were 16.1-16.3 g ethanol, 5.8-6.0 g methane, and 25 g lignin-rich solid residue. The net present value (NPV) was negative at discount rate of 11 % but positive at 5 % discount rate for all configurations. The 20 % WIS configuration with a residence time of 96 h in the fermentation stage attained the highest NPV. The minimum ethanol selling price varied between 0.72 and 0.87 EUR/L ethanol when the biogas was unchanged and it decreased to between 0.46 and 0.60 EUR/L ethanol when the biogas was upgraded to vehicle fuel quality or when xylose was converted to ethanol. Conclusions:According to the techno-economic assessment, a process that is based on the fermentation of only hexoses to ethanol, and production of raw biogas from xylose is not profitable under the economic assumptions including 11 % discount rate in the evaluation. However, the profitability of a plant can be improved by biogas upgrading to vehicle fuel quality or fermentation of xylose to ethanol.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined production of biogas and ethanol at high solids loading from wheat straw impregnated with acetic acid: experimental study and techno-economic evaluation

Joelsson

Dienes

Kovács

et al. 2016

Sustain Chem Process

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“…Among the various competing biofuel technologies, biochemical ethanol production from lignocellulosic biomass has received the most attention in the literature (Humbird et al, 2011;Kazi et al, 2010). Several studies have focused on the synthesis and technoeconomic evaluation of biorefineries based on the aforementioned platforms (Dale and Ong, 2014;Floudas et al, 2012;Martín and Grossmann, 2011;Pham and ElHalwagi, 2012;Sammons et al, 2008;Tao et al, 2011;Wright and Brown, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A lignocellulosic ethanol strategy via nonenzymatic sugar production: Process synthesis and analysis

Han

Luterbacher

Alonso

et al. 2015

Bioresource Technology

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“…Several techno-economic studies have been carried out to analyze the technical and economic feasibility of different second-generation bioethanol production processes and to compare different pretreatment methods (Eggeman and Elander 2005;Kazi et al 2010;Humbird et al 2011;Tao et al 2011). These studies are typically based on simulation models, with their key parameters derived from laboratory or pilot scale experiments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Economic Analysis of an Organosolv Process for Bioethanol Production

Kautto¹,

Park²,

Ragauskas³

et al. 2014

BioResources

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In a previous paper, conceptual process design, simulation, and mass and energy balances were presented for an organosolv process with a hardwood feed of 2350 metric tons (MT) per day and ethanol, lignin, furfural, and acetic acid production rates of 459, 310, 6.6, and 30.3 MT/day, respectively. In this paper, the investment and operating costs of the process and the minimum ethanol selling price (MESP) to make the process economically feasible were estimated. The total capital investment of the plant was approximately 720 million USD. Lignin price was found to affect the MESP considerably. With a base case lignin price of 450 USD/MT, the MESP was approximately 3.1 USD per gallon (gal). Higher lignin price of 1000 USD/MT was required to equal the MESP with the December 2013 ethanol market price (2.0 USD/gal). In addition to lignin price, the MESP was found to be strongly affected by feedstock, enzyme, and investment costs. Variations in feedstock and investment costs affected the MESP by approximately 0.2 and 0.5 USD/gal, respectively. Changing the enzyme dosage and price from base case estimate of 5270 USD/MT and 0.02 g/g cellulose to more conservative 3700 USD/MT and 0.06 g/g cellulose, respectively, increased the MESP by 0.59 USD/gal.

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Process and technoeconomic analysis of leading pretreatment technologies for lignocellulosic ethanol production using switchgrass

Cited by 274 publications

References 11 publications

Combined production of biogas and ethanol at high solids loading from wheat straw impregnated with acetic acid: experimental study and techno-economic evaluation

Combined production of biogas and ethanol at high solids loading from wheat straw impregnated with acetic acid: experimental study and techno-economic evaluation

A lignocellulosic ethanol strategy via nonenzymatic sugar production: Process synthesis and analysis

Economic Analysis of an Organosolv Process for Bioethanol Production

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