Process and reactive schizophrenia.

Kantor, Robert; Wallner, Julius M.; Winder, C. L.

doi:10.1037/h0059210

Cited by 107 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…It also provides some support for the usefulness of the process-reactive classification within schizophrenia (Kantor, Wallner, & Winder, 1953), as well as for the belief that some degree of organic brain damage may underlie the pathology of process schizophrenia (Brackbill & Fine, 1956;Tutko & Spence, 1962). This suggests the possibility that some degree of brain damage may be common to both the chronic-schizophrenic and the brain-damaged groups.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 73%

Effects of aging and pathology on the factorial structure of intelligence.

Berger¹,

Bernstein²,

Klein³

et al. 1964

Journal of Consulting Psychology

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A factor-analytic study of the structure of intellectual functioning as measured by Wechsler tests was carried out on 4 samples of varying pathologies and 4 normal samples of varying ages. Applying objective analytical oblique rotation and statistical measures of factorial similarity, 3 main factors and 1 quasi-specific described most groups. In distinction to previous studies, both pathology and normal aging were found to introduce some degree of factorial variability, with the effect of age seemingly more pronounced. Thus, pathological samples did not differ from age-matched normals, though normals of different ages varied from each other. The results were discussed in terms of the relative importance of the different factors, process-reactive distinction in schizophrenia, and the particular vulnerability of the Memory factor.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 73%

Effects of aging and pathology on the factorial structure of intelligence.

Berger¹,

Bernstein²,

Klein³

et al. 1964

Journal of Consulting Psychology

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“…Participants with "process" schizophrenia (i.e., with chronic course and poor treatment response, Kantor, Wallner, & Winder, 1953) rated themselves as less likely to make antisocial choices than controls and participants with "reactive" schizophrenia (acute patients with good treatment response), but showed lower test-retest reliability on this measure. This latter finding was interpreted as indicating that individuals with process schizophrenia had less-stable internalised moral standards.…”

Section: Previous Work On Moral Cognition In Schizophreniamentioning

confidence: 99%

Moral cognition in schizophrenia

McGuire

Langdon

Brüne

2014

Cognitive Neuropsychiatry

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Introduction. Disordered moral behaviour and understanding of moral rules were described early in the literature on schizophrenia; however, moral cognition has received scant attention in spite of a large literature focused on social cognitive impairments and violent behaviour in schizophrenia. Methods. We conducted a narrative synthesis of the literature on violence, moral judgement and schizophrenia. Results. Initial empirical research into moral cognition in schizophrenia did not fully account for the basic-and social-cognitive deficits now known to characterise schizophrenia. Importantly, research into moral cognition in autism and psychopathy, disorders in part characterised by social cognitive impairments indicates subtle patterns of difference to the moral cognition of control participants. Recent neuroeconomic studies of moral cognition in schizophrenia have indicated that individuals with schizophrenia display subtle dysfunction in their fairness-related behaviours, but not in their propensity to engage in altruistic punishment. Conclusions. Further research has the potential to broaden our understanding of what is intact and what is impaired in moral cognition in schizophrenia and also to inform our theories of the structures subserving moral judgement in the general population. Furthermore, a more thorough understanding of moral cognitive impairments in schizophrenia may have implications for both legal process and psychosocial rehabilitation.

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“…In reactive cases, precipitating events interrupt a usual pattern of adjustment that reflects a more adequate prepsychotic level. Kantor et al, 10 drawing upon Kant 12,13 described a gradual onset in process cases while reactive cases develop in the presence of stress. Astrup et al 11 considered the type of onset to be very important.…”

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confidence: 99%