Process analytical technology (PAT) as a versatile tool for real-time monitoring and kinetic evaluation of photocatalytic reactions

Abstract

Combining in situ Raman spectroscopy with multivariate data analysis enables the real-time monitoring and kinetic evaluation of photocatalytic reactions. The applicability is demonstrated on the photooxidation of 4-methoxythiophenol.

The PhotoFlexys: A Multi‐Purpose Reactor Platform to Simplify Process Intensification and Mechanistic Studies in Photochemistry

“…Utilizing a standardized basic top, the reactor's field of application can be easily extended by redesigning and printing a new functional top (Figure 1C). In this context, we integrated our previously developed reactor module [66] that allows for an in‐situ reaction monitoring by various process analytical technologies (PAT) (Figure 1C). With this, mechanistic and kinetic studies are accessible in real‐time under standardized and reproducible reaction conditions.…”

“…To study the reaction kinetics, we took advantage of our previously developed in-situ monitoring approach. [66] By redesigning the basic top, a new functional top was created that permits the integration of our Schlenk-based in-situ monitoring module. The module allows for a real-time reaction monitoring by up to two different spectroscopic methods.…”

“…Its adaptability is demonstrated by the integration of our previously developed in-situ monitoring module. [66] With this, mechanistic studies were performed on two further benchmark reactions by monitoring the reactions with process analytical technologies (PAT).…”

“…While a detailed characterization disclosed the irradiation characteristic within the reactor, four benchmark reactions were chosen to compare its performance to other photoreactors. Its adaptability is demonstrated by the integration of our previously developed in‐situ monitoring module [66] . With this, mechanistic studies were performed on two further benchmark reactions by monitoring the reactions with process analytical technologies (PAT).…”

The Guerbet Reaction Network – a Ball‐in‐a‐Maze‐Game or: Why Ru‐MACHO‐BH is Poor in Coupling two Ethanol to n‐Butanol

“…That allows a description of the kinetic behavior in detail with a comparably low experimental effort. [16][17][18][19] While the aldol condensation and the saponification can be described with an accurate kinetic model without further ado, the redox subsystems themselves consist of several reaction steps, in particular the hydrogenation of the catalyst. Those single steps cannot be resolved by IR-spectroscopy independently, because the reduced and oxidized catalyst species are not detectable under process conditions.…”