Process analysis and economic optimization of intensified process alternatives for simultaneous industrial scale production of dimethyl carbonate and propylene glycol

Holtbruegge, Johannes; Kuhlmann, Hanns; Lutze, Philip

doi:10.1016/j.cherd.2014.05.002

Cited by 37 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Higher temperatures translate into higher partial pressure driving forces which, in turn, result in lower membrane areas required. Finally, for some PV/VP systems, the cost of the membrane system can be a minor component of the overall capital and operating costs, especially if compressors, vacuum pumps, large heat exchanger areas, and – if a hybrid process – distillation columns are involved . All factors considered, the higher cost per unit area of inorganic membranes may not translate into a significantly higher total system cost, if at all …”

Section: Inorganic Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finally, for some PV/VP systems, the cost of the membrane system can be a minor component of the overall capital and operating costs, especially if compressors, vacuum pumps, large heat exchanger areas, and -if a hybrid process -distillation columns are involved. 224,225 All factors considered, the higher cost per unit area of inorganic membranes may not translate into a significantly higher total system cost, if at all. 226 T-type and chabazite zeolites As noted above, NaA-type membranes can be degraded by dealumination when contacted with feed fluids exhibiting a high water activity or acidic condition.…”

Section: Linde Type a (Lta) Zeolitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review: membrane materials for the removal of water from industrial solvents by pervaporation and vapor permeation

Vane

2018

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

109

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Organic solvents are widely used in a variety of industrial sectors. Reclaiming and reusing the solvents may be the most economically and environmentally beneficial option for managing spent solvents. Purifying the solvents to meet reuse specifications can be challenging. For hydrophilic solvents, water must be removed prior to reuse, yet many hydrophilic solvents form hard‐to‐separate azeotropic mixtures with water. Such mixtures make separation processes energy‐intensive and cause economic challenges. The membrane processes pervaporation (PV) and vapor permeation (VP) can be less energy‐intensive than distillation‐based processes and have proven to be very effective in removing water from azeotropic mixtures. In PV/VP, separation is based on the solution–diffusion interaction between the dense permselective layer of the membrane and the solvent/water mixture. This review provides a state‐of‐the‐science analysis of materials used as the selective layer(s) of PV/VP membranes in removing water from organic solvents. A variety of membrane materials, such as polymeric, inorganic, mixed matrix, and hybrid, have been reported in the literature. A small subset of these is commercially available and highlighted here: poly (vinyl alcohol), polyimides, amorphous perfluoro polymers, NaA zeolites, chabazite zeolites, T‐type zeolites, and hybrid silicas. The typical performance characteristics and operating limits of these membranes are discussed. Solvents targeted by the United States Environmental Protection Agency for reclamation are emphasized and ten common solvents are chosen for analysis: acetonitrile, 1‐butanol, N,N‐dimethyl formamide, ethanol, methanol, methyl isobutyl ketone, methyl tert‐butyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, acetone, and 2‐propanol. Published 2018. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.

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Section: Inorganic Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Linde Type a (Lta) Zeolitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review: membrane materials for the removal of water from industrial solvents by pervaporation and vapor permeation

Vane

2018

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

109

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“…In the past 10 years, the concept of reactive dividing wall column has attracted more and more interest in the literature . Simulation studies have demonstrated the theoretical feasibility for selected reaction systems . In the last few years the focus of the published research lays on finding new reaction systems suitable for a RDWC application.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enzymatic catalyzed reactive dividing wall column: Experiments and model validation

Egger

Fieg

2016

AIChE Journal

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A novel process for the integration of chemical reaction and product separation is proposed: the enzymatic catalyzed reactive dividing wall column (eRDWC). The eRDWC combines the highly integrated and complex reactive dividing wall column (RDWC) with the use of a very selective enzymatic catalyst. This apparatus enables the simultaneous production and separation of up to 4 pure product streams. Comprehensive experiments with the reference system of a hexanol and butyl acetate transesterification in a DN 65 pilot scale column show the feasibility of stable steady state operations for this process. A rigorous model for the plant design of an eRDWC wall column is developed. The reaction kinetics and vapor‐liquid‐equilibria for the reference system are measured and implemented in the model. The model is successfully validated using the acquired experimental data. The application of enzymes in continuous reactive distillation processes has the potential to increase the selectivity at milder process conditions. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 63: 2198–2211, 2017

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“…Afterwards, Holtbruegge et al [66] proposed a membrane-assisted reactive distillation process for the transesterification of PC in order to overcome the thermodynamic constraints, reaction conversion, and binary azeotrope (DMC-MeOH). Then, they designed and optimized a membrane-assisted reactive dividing wall column [67]; and comparing this intensification process with the base case process (excess of MeOH followed by recycling), they concluded that a reduction around 35 % for the investment and operating costs is expected. Huang et al [68] also studied the transesterification of PC by reactive distillation; however, they proposed a pressure-swing distillation process in order to eliminate the azeotrope.…”

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confidence: 98%

Review for the Direct Synthesis of Dimethyl Carbonate

et al. 2014

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This review summarizes the state-of-the-art for direct synthesis of dimethyl carbonate (DMC) from carbon dioxide and methanol. In addition, conventional and alternative processes are also discussed in order to understand the advantages and disadvantages of the direct synthesis of DMC. Furthermore, the major applications of DMC are described: solvent, fuels additive, and building block for organic synthesis. The major drawbacks of the direct synthesis of DMC are the low yield and reaction rate, mostly induced by the highly stable carbon dioxide molecules. The development of novel catalyst and strategies to enhance the DMC yield -such as dehydrating agents that remove the water from the reacting mixture -are pointed out as the key solution for this route. Therefore, the main catalysts (homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts) used so far are presented, together with the respective operating conditions and catalyst performance. The use of different dehydrating agents to increase the DMC yield is also discussed.

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Process analysis and economic optimization of intensified process alternatives for simultaneous industrial scale production of dimethyl carbonate and propylene glycol

Cited by 37 publications

References 56 publications

Review: membrane materials for the removal of water from industrial solvents by pervaporation and vapor permeation

Review: membrane materials for the removal of water from industrial solvents by pervaporation and vapor permeation

Enzymatic catalyzed reactive dividing wall column: Experiments and model validation

Review for the Direct Synthesis of Dimethyl Carbonate

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