Procesamiento de inferencias emocionales. Un análisis sobre el efecto de la valencia y la dirección causal mediante una tarea de decisión léxica.

Abstract

Abstract:In two experiments we investigated the role that activation of emotional inferences when readers represent fictional characters' emotional states using an affective lexical decision task. Subjects read short stories that described concrete actions. In the first experiment, we analyzed whether the valence (positive or negative) was an important factor of inference´s activation. The results showed that valence was determinant factor in the moment that emotional inference was generated, being the positive valence faster than negative. In the second experiment we studied whether the emotion inference activation was influenced by the causal direction of the story, where the causal direction of the text was manipulated in order to induce towards an emotional inference predictive (the reader looking for a consequence that promote a particular emotion) or inducing an explanatory inference (reader looking for a cause that "explain" a particular emotion). The results suggest that emotional inferences are made online, and that valence and causal directions are two decisive components of emotional trait, but only positive valence increase their processing. Key words: Emotional inferences; emotional valence; causal direction; lexical decision task; explanatory inference: predictive inference.Título: Efectos de la valencia y la dirección causal en el procesamiento de inferencias emocionales durante la lectura: Evidencia mediante una tarea de decisión léxica. Resumen: En dos experimentos se investigó el papel que juega la activación de inferencias emocionales cuando los lectores representan estados emocionales de los personajes ficticios mediante una tarea de decisión léxi-ca. Los participantes leyeron historias cortas que describían acciones concretas. En el primer experimento se analizó si la valencia emocional (positiva o negativa) influía en la activación de la inferencia. Los resultados mostraron que la valencia fue factor determinante en el momento en que generaba la inferencia emocional, siendo la valencia positiva más rápida que la negativa. En el segundo experimento se analizó la dirección causal de la historia, donde en un caso fue manipulada para inducir hacia una inferencia emocional predictiva (el lector busca una acción que anticipa una emoción particular), y en otro explicativa (el lector busca una causa que "explique" una emoción en particular) y si estas dos condiciones diferían en la activación de la inferencia emocional. Los resultados revelaron que las inferencias emocionales se hacen de manera automática en ambos estudios y que tanto la valencia como la dirección causal se consideran componentes básicos de las inferencias emocionales, pero sólo la valencia positiva acelera aún más el procesamiento del rasgo emocional.

Understanding Comics. A Comparison between Children and Adults through a Coherence/Incoherence Paradigm in an Eye-tracking Study

“…Every one of these four parts has its importance. The "release", for example, gives the final clue to the comprehension of the whole story, as forward connections of events-connections with the consequences of events-tend to have more recall than backwards connections in films (or comics) and in written narratives (León et al, 2015;León & Pérez, 2001;van den Broek & Lorch, 1993;van den Broek, Lorch, & Thurlow, 1996). The "peak" is seen as one of the most important parts, because the action itself happens within it (Cohn et al, 2014).…”

Processo Inferencial Em Atividades De Compreensão Leitora: Um Estudo De Caso Com Alunos De 9° Ano Do Ensino Fundamental

“…Ampliando o rol de definições, em torno do fenômeno inferencial, Léon et al, (2015) sustentam que as inferências são construções mentais realizadas, a fim de compreender o que se lê. Sob esse viés, entende-se que o ato de inferir é uma operação cognitiva estreitamente correlacionada à compreensão, visto que o leitor, com a finalidade de compreender o texto, realiza inferências.…”

From Abstract Symbols to Emotional (In-)Sights: An Eye Tracking Study on the Effects of Emotional Vignettes and Pictures

“…They neither examined emotions elicited in the reader nor compared reactions to positive and negative valences. One exception was published by León et al (2015). The authors constructed short texts of four sentences possessing either a positive, negative, or neutral valence.…”