Proceedings of the Smithsonian Marine Science Symposium

Abstract

s m i t h s o n i a n c o n t r i b u t i o n s t o t h e m a r i n e s c i e n c e s • n u m b e r 3 8 SERIES PUBLICATIONS OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTIONEmphasis upon publication as a means of "diffusing knowledge" was expressed by the fi rst Secretary of the Smithsonian. In his formal plan for the Institution, Joseph Henry outlined a program that included the following statement: "It is proposed to publish a series of reports, giving an account of the new discoveries in science, and of the changes made from year to year in all branches of knowledge." This theme of basic research has been adhered to through the years by thousands of titles issued in series publications under the Smithsonian imprint, commencing with Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge in 1848 and continuing with the following active series: Smithsonian Contributions to Anthropology Smithsonian Contributions to Botany Smithsonian Contributions in History and Technology Smithsonian Contributions to the Marine Sciences Smithsonian Contributions to Museum Conservation Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology Smithsonian Contributions to ZoologyIn these series, the Institution publishes small papers and full-scale monographs that report on the research and collections of its various museums and bureaus. The Smithsonian Contributions Series are distributed via mailing lists to libraries, universities, and similar institutions throughout the world.Manuscripts submitted for series publication are received by the Smithsonian Institution Scholarly Press from authors with direct affi liation with the various Smithsonian museums or bureaus and are subject to peer review and review for compliance with manuscript preparation guidelines. General requirements for manuscript preparation are on the inside back cover of printed volumes. For detailed submissions requirements and to review the "Manuscript Preparation and Style Guide for Authors," visit the Submissions page at www.scholarlypress.si.edu. The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of the American National Standard for Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials Z39. Foreword N early two-thirds of Earth's surface is covered by the ocean, a global system essential to all life. Impacts on one part of the ocean can have worldwide effects. The ocean moderates our climate, provides valuable resources, and produces at least half the oxygen we breathe: it makes our planet livable. We know little, however, about the physical, chemical, geological, and biological aspects of this crucial life support system. s m i t h s o n i a n c o n t r i b u t i o n s t o t h e m a r i n S M I T H S O N I A N C O N T R I B U T I O N S T O T H E M A R I N E S C I E N C E S MARINE BIODIVERSITY, EVOLUTION, AND SPECIATION S M I T H S O N I A N C O N T R I B U T I O N S T O T H E M A R I N E S C I E N C E S i i i • S M I T H S O N I A N C O N T R I B U T I O N S T O T H E M A R I N E S C I E N C E SThe Smithsonian Institution, in efforts to increase knowledge about the ocean, has established a ...

Will fluctuations in salt marsh–mangrove dominance alter vulnerability of a subtropical wetland to sea‐level rise?

“…Although much of that work involved increases in SEC rates caused by experimental increases in shoot density or root production, a few cases have shown that disturbance of existing vegetation can have a negative effect on elevation. Mortality of mangroves due to hurricanes or human activities, for example, can lead to elevation loss Stokes & Harris, 2015) or lowered resistance to erosion (McKee & Vervaeke, 2009). In mangrove systems in Honduras and Belize, the presence of mangrove roots was associated with high shear strength in both organic and mineral soils; disturbance of the vegetation or soils increased subsidence rates and decreased erosion resistance McKee & McGinnis, 2002;McKee & Vervaeke, 2009).…”

“…Mortality of mangroves due to hurricanes or human activities, for example, can lead to elevation loss Stokes & Harris, 2015) or lowered resistance to erosion (McKee & Vervaeke, 2009). In mangrove systems in Honduras and Belize, the presence of mangrove roots was associated with high shear strength in both organic and mineral soils; disturbance of the vegetation or soils increased subsidence rates and decreased erosion resistance McKee & McGinnis, 2002;McKee & Vervaeke, 2009). In those cases, elevation loss was attributed to one or more factors: collapse of the living root matrix, a change in aboveground structures promoting sedimentation, or a decrease in organic matter contributions to soil volume.…”

A checklist of the southwestern Madagascar sponge fauna with taxonomic updates based on the current systematics

“…C = cave and galleries, F = reef flats, L = lagoon, M = mangrove, P = phanerogam meadows, R = reef. Díaz and Rützler, 2009;Valderrama and Zea, 2013;Rützler et al, 2014;Pérez et al, 2017), Toliara region harbours about half the specific richness, which confirms a little more the potential for new sponges to be inventoried and described in Madagascar and in the western Indian Ocean.…”

Specific composition and abundance of macroalgae and marine angiosperms in three coral reefs from the Southwest Cuban shelf (1987)

“…Sin embargo, Lluis-Riera (1972) reportó concentraciones de nitratos (0.20-1.29 μM) y de fosfatos (0.10-0.31 μM) en aguas cercanas a estos tres arrecifes entre 1967 y 1970. Estos niveles de fosfatos fueron más altos, en la mayoría de los casos, al valor encontrado por otros autores (~0.10 μM de fósforo reactivo soluble; Lapointe, 1999;Littler et al, 2009) como valor límite, a partir del cual los corales comienzan a ser desplazados por las macroalgas en los arrecifes. Lluis-Riera (1972) también encontró mayores concentraciones de nutrientes en el periodo lluvioso que en secas, pero en los años en que se realizó este estudio, las precipitaciones fueron pobres en la zona (López Deulofeu et al, 2005).…”