Proceedings of the Physiological Society

doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1960.sp006558

The Journal of Physiology

1960

DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.1960.sp006558

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Proceedings of the Physiological Society

Abstract: Peritoneal drainage into the lymphatics of the diaphragm demonstrated in vivo by radiography.

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2021

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Secondary endings of muscle spindles: Structure, reflex action, role in motor control and proprioception

Banks

Ellaway

Procházka

et al. 2021

Experimental Physiology

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Kinaesthesia and the control of bodily movement rely heavily on the sensory input from muscle spindles. Hundreds of these sensory structures are embedded in mammalian muscles. Each spindle has one or more sensory endings and its own complement of small muscle fibres that are activated by the CNS via fusimotor neurons, providing efferent control of sensory responses. Exactly how the CNS wields this influence remains the subject of much fascination and debate. There are two types of sensory endings, primary and secondary, with differing development, morphology, distribution and responsiveness. Spindle primary endings have received more attention than secondaries, although the latter usually outnumber them. This review focuses on the secondary endings. Their location within the spindle, their response properties, the projection of their afferents within the CNS and their reflex actions all suggest that secondaries have certain separate roles from the primaries in proprioception and motor control. Specifically, spindle secondaries seem more adapted than primaries to signalling slow and maintained changes in the relative position of bodily segments, thereby contributing to position sense, postural control and static limb positioning.By highlighting, in this way, the roles of secondary endings, a final aim of the review is to broaden understanding of muscle spindles more generally and of the important contributions they make to both sensory and motor mechanisms.

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Secondary endings of muscle spindles: Structure, reflex action, role in motor control and proprioception

Banks

Ellaway

Procházka

et al. 2021

Experimental Physiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

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Proceedings of the Physiological Society

Abstract: Peritoneal drainage into the lymphatics of the diaphragm demonstrated in vivo by radiography.

Cited by 1 publication

References 14 publications

Secondary endings of muscle spindles: Structure, reflex action, role in motor control and proprioception

Secondary endings of muscle spindles: Structure, reflex action, role in motor control and proprioception

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