Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, 116 Initial Reports

Cochran, Jamie; Stow, D.A.V.

doi:10.2973/odp.proc.ir.116.1989

Cited by 164 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…Such a change would require a major mountain range undergoing fast erosion and a monsoonal climate that allows rapid transport to inhibit weathering of the sediment in the floodplain. Unlike in the distal fan cored during Leg 116 (Cochran, Stow, et al, 1989) lation rate, grain size, and clay mineralogy. This stability suggests that the smectite-rich fine turbidites recorded in the distal fan from 7 to 1 Ma (Bouquillon et al, 1990) may relate more to a change in the channel and turbidity current routing to the distal fan than to a change in Himalayan erosion.…”

Section: Principal Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Along the seven-site Bengal Fan Expedition 354 transect, the interstitial water chemistry displays large and systematic changes at every site. Most of the characteristics are also shared with the interstitial water chemistry in the distal part of the Bengal Fan at the Leg 116 sites (Cochran, Stow, et al, 1989). In the upper section of the sedimentary pile, a large rise in alkalinity is associated with the complete reduction of sulfate and the occurrence of some dissolved phosphate.…”

Section: Fan Hydrology and Hydrochemistrymentioning

confidence: 92%

“…The importance of recovering a Paleogene record of erosion of the eastern side of the Himalayan range lies in the uniqueness of the resulting archive. The deepest previous drilling of the Bengal Fan achieved penetration to the middle Miocene (<18 Ma) (Cochran and Stow, 1989). Onshore, a late Eocene-late Oligocene unconformity stretches across the foreland basin; thus, the onshore archive of Paleogene erosion of the eastern side of the Himalayan range is restricted to sparse early to mid-Eocene foreland basin material (e.g., DeCelles et al, 2004) and one near-complete but poorly ex-posed Paleogene record in the Bengal remnant ocean basin in Bangladesh (e.g., Najman et al, 2008).…”

Section: Sampling the Oldest Sediments Of The Fanmentioning

confidence: 99%

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2016

Proceedings of the International Ocean Discovery Program

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Section: Principal Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Fan Hydrology and Hydrochemistrymentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Sampling the Oldest Sediments Of The Fanmentioning

confidence: 99%

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2016

Proceedings of the International Ocean Discovery Program

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“…Along the seven site Bengal Fan Expedition 354 transect, the interstitial water chemistry displays large and systematic changes found at every site. Most of the characteristics are also shared with the interstitial water chemistry in the distal part of the Bengal Fan at the Leg 116 sites (Cochran, Stow, et al, 1989). In the upper section of the sedimentary pile, a large rise in alkalinity is associated with the complete reduction of sulfate and the occurrence of some dissolved phosphate.…”

Section: Fan Hydrology and Hydrochemistrymentioning

confidence: 92%

“…The deepest previous drilling of the Bengal Fan achieved penetration to the early Miocene (≈18 Ma) (Cochran and Stow, 1989). Onshore, a late Eocene-late Oligocene unconformity stretches across the foreland basin; thus, the onland archive of Paleogene erosion of the eastern side of the Himalaya is restricted to sparse early to mid-Eocene foreland basin material (e.g., DeCelles et al, 2004) and one near-complete but poorly exposed Paleogene record in the Bengal remnant ocean basin, Bangladesh (e.g., Najman et al, 2008).…”

Section: Sampling the Oldest Sediments Of The Fanmentioning

confidence: 99%

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France‐Lanord

Spieß

Schwenk

et al. 2015

International Ocean Discovery Program Preliminary Report

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International Ocean Discovery Expedition 354 to 8°N in the Bay of Bengal drilled a seven site, 320 km long transect across the Bengal Fan. Three deep-penetration and an additional four shallow holes give a spatial overview of the primarily turbiditic depositional system that comprises the Bengal deep-sea fan. Sediments originate from Himalayan rivers, documenting terrestrial changes of Himalayan erosion and weathering, and are transported through a delta and shelf canyon, supplying turbidity currents loaded with a full spectrum of grain sizes. Mostly following transport channels, sediments deposit on and between levees while depocenters laterally shift over hundreds of kilometers on millennial timescales. During Expedition 354, these deposits were documented in space and time, and the recovered sediments have Himalayan mineralogical and geochemical signatures relevant for reconstructing time series of erosion, weathering, and changes in source regions, as well as impacts on the global carbon cycle. Miocene shifts in terrestrial vegetation, sediment budget, and style of sediment transport were tracked. Expedition 354 has extended the record of early fan deposition by 10 My into the late Oligocene.

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The 2004 Aceh‐Andaman Earthquake: Early clay dehydration controls shallow seismic rupture

Geersen

McNeill

Henstock

et al. 2013

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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[1] The physical state of the shallow plate-boundary fault governs the updip extent of seismic rupture during powerful subduction zone earthquakes and thus on a first order impacts on the tsunamigenic hazard of such events. During the 2004 Mw 9.2 Aceh-Andaman Earthquake seismic rupture extended unusually far seaward below the accretionary prism causing the disastrous Indian Ocean Tsunami. Here we show that the formation of a strong bulk sediment section and a high fluid-pressured pred ecollement, that likely enabled the 2004 rupture to reach the shallow plate-boundary, result from thermally controlled diagenetic processes in the upper oceanic basement and overlying sediments. Thickening of the sediment section to >2 km 160 km seaward of the subduction zone increases temperatures at the sediment basement interface and triggers mineral transformation and dehydration (e.g., smectite-illite) prior to subduction. The liberated fluids migrate into a layer that likely host high porosity and permeability and that is unique to the 2004 rupture area where they generate a distinct overpressured pred ecollement. Clay mineral transformation further supports processes of semilithification, induration of sediments, and coupled with compaction dewatering all amplified by the thick sediment section together strengthens the bulk sediments. Farther south, where the 2005 Sumatra Earthquake did not include similar shallow rupture, sediment thickness on the oceanic plate is significantly smaller. Therefore, similar diagenetic processes occur later and deeper in the subduction zone. Hence, we propose that shallow seismic rupture during the 2004 earthquake is primarily controlled by the thickness and composition of oceanic plate sediments.

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Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, 116 Initial Reports

Cited by 164 publications

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The 2004 Aceh‐Andaman Earthquake: Early clay dehydration controls shallow seismic rupture

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