Procedures for use of, and drill cores and cuttings available for study at, the Lithologic Core Storage Library, Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, Idaho

Davis, Linda C.; Hannula, S.R.; Bowers, B.

doi:10.2172/578509

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Paleomagnetic inclination and polarity measurements were conducted on hundreds of subsamples using the Idaho National Laboratory Lithologic Core Storage Library protocols described in Davis et al (1997). These samples were collected independently of samples collected for chemical analysis.…”

Section: Paleomagneticmentioning

confidence: 99%

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et al. 2013

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The temporal and magmatic evolution of central Snake River Plain (SRP; Idaho, USA) olivine tholeiites erupted within the past 4 m.y. is evaluated here. This investigation correlates and merges both geochemical and paleomagnetic measurements to constrain the volcanic history recovered from the 340 m Regional Aquifer Systems Analysis (RASA) test well located near Wendell, Idaho. Only a handful of studies have accomplished this task of shedding light on the chemical stratigraphy of the SRP and the petrogenesis of basalts with depth, and therefore through time.Paleomagnetic relationships suggest that time breaks between individual lava fl ows represent a few years to decades, time breaks between fl ow groups represent at least a couple of hundred years or possibly much longer, while significant hiatuses in volcanism, revealed by thick sediment packages or polarity reversals (both are evidenced in this well), are inferred to last thousands to tens of thousands of years. Major element geochemistry from 52 basaltic lava fl ows demonstrates near primitive compositions (i.e., ~10 wt% MgO) and tholeiitic iron enrichment trends, similar to lavas from the eastern SRP. Trace element concentrations are similar to those of ocean island basalts, with enriched Ba and Pb, and light rare earth element (REE)/heavy REE ratios similar to those of many Neogene volcanics of the western Cordillera. When combined, we identify a total of 11 fl ow groups, which we also classify as fractionation or recharge on the basis of decreasing or increasing MgO weight percent with depth.Taking into consideration these trends, we review the potential recharge, fractionation, and assimilation processes that characterize much of SRP olivine tholeiite, and conclude that assimilation, in combination with fractional crystallization, is the dominant petrogenesis for the basalts in the central SRP. Although fractionation of Wendell parent magmas was accompanied by assimilation of crustal material, this could not have been assimilation of ancient cratonic crust. The geochemical cycles observed in this well are inferred to represent fractionation and recharge of basaltic magma from a series of sill-like layered mafi c intrusions located in the middle crust, similar to what has been proposed for the processes that control the eruptive history of basalts in the eastern SRP.

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Section: Paleomagneticmentioning

confidence: 99%

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et al. 2013

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“…Samples were subjected to alternating field (AF) and thermal demagnetization protocols best described by Champion et al (2011). Prior to sampling, the core was stratigraphically logged and described using the protocols of Davis et al (1997), and the boundaries between flows and flow units were identified. Depths were measured from markers recorded by the drillers at the time of coring and placed within the core boxes.…”

Section: Paleomagnetic Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Volcanic stratigraphy and age model of the Kimama deep borehole (Project Hotspot): Evidence for 5.8 million years of continuous basalt volcanism, central Snake River Plain, Idaho

et al. 2019

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The Snake River Plain of central Idaho represents the world's best example of a mantle hotspot track impinging upon continental crust and provides a record of bimodal volcanism extending over 12 Ma to the present. Project Hotspot recovered almost 2 km of continuous drill core from the Kimama borehole, located in central Idaho on the axial volcanic zone. The Kimama drill core represents the most complete record of mafic volcanism along the Yellowstone-Snake River Plain hotspot track. A total of 432 basalt flow units, representing 183 basalt flows, 78 basalt flow groups, and 34 super groups, along with 42 sediment interbeds are recognized using volcanic facies observations, stratigraphic relationships, borehole geophysical logs, and paleosecular variation in magnetostratigraphy. Rhyolite and other non-basaltic volcanic materials were not encountered in the drill core. Ages for six basalt lava flows were determined by 40 Ar/ 39 Ar using incremental heating experiments. Paleomagnetic inclination was measured on over 1200 samples collected at roughly 2-m-depth intervals, yielding mean values of paleosecular variation between ±50° to ±70° in Kimama flow groups, close to the expected 61° axial dipole average for the Kimama borehole location. Twenty-three magnetic reversals were identified and correlated to dated geomagnetic chrons and subchrons and compared with the 40 Ar/ 39 Ar radiometric ages. A linear fit to 40 Ar/ 39 Ar dates, geomagnetic chron and subchron boundaries, and volcanogenic zircon U-Pb ages defines a mean accumulation rate of ~320 m/m.y. and extrapolates to a bottom hole age of 6.3 Ma. Average thicknesses of lithologic units increase from 2.7 m (sediment), 4 m (flow units), 10 m (flows), 23 m (flow groups), to 53 m (super groups). On average, one lava flow inundated the Kimama borehole location every 33 k.y. Intercalated sediments, ranging from 0.06 to 24.5 m thick, make up roughly 6% of the drill core and indicate lulls in local volcanic activity that may have lasted up to 77 k.y. Neutron and gamma-ray logs supplement observations from the drill cores: neutron logs document individual flow units through the contrast between massive flow interiors and more porous flow surfaces, and gamma-ray logs document the depth and thickness of sedimentary interbeds and high-K-Fe basalts. The 5.8 m.y. duration of basaltic volcanism in the Kimama drill core implies a steady rate of volcanism, indicating a relatively stable rate of mantle upflow along the lithosphere-mantle boundary in the wake of Yellowstone-Snake River Plain plume volcanism.

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“…The geologic framework has been characterized on the basis of data from hundreds of boreholes. Many continuous cores up to 550 m in length are available for inspection at the USGS core library (Davis et al, 1997). Recoveries of basalt in most of these cores have been essentially 100%.…”

Section: Hydrologic Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydraulic and Geochemical Framework of the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory Vadose Zone

Nimmo

Rousseau²,

Perkins

et al. 2004

Vadose Zone Journal

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Questions of major importance for subsurface contaminant transport at the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL) include (i) travel times to the aquifer, both average or typical values and the range of values to be expected, and (ii) modes of contaminant transport, especially sorption processes. The hydraulic and geochemical framework within which these questions are addressed is dominated by extreme heterogeneity in a vadose zone and aquifer consisting of interbedded basalts and sediments. Hydraulically, major issues include diverse possible types of flow pathways, extreme anisotropy, preferential flow, combined vertical and horizontal flow, and temporary saturation or perching. Geochemically, major issues include contaminant mobility as influenced by redox conditions, the concentration of organic and inorganic complexing solutes and other local variables, the interaction with infiltrating waters and with the contaminant source environment, and the aqueous speciation of contaminants such as actinides. Another major issue is the possibility of colloid transport, which inverts some of the traditional concepts of mobility, as sorbed contaminants on mobile colloids may be transported with ease compared with contaminants that are not sorbed. With respect to the goal of minimizing aquifer concentrations of contaminants, some characteristics of the vadose zone are essentially completely favorable. Examples include the great thickness (200 m) of the vadose zone, and the presence of substantial quantities of fine sediments that can retard contaminant transport both hydraulically and chemically. Most characteristics, however, have both favorable and unfavorable aspects. For example, preferential flow, as promoted by several notable features of the vadose zone at the INEEL, can provide fast, minimally sorbing pathways for contaminants to reach the aquifer easily, but it also leads to a wide dispersal of contaminants in a large volume of subsurface material, thus increasing the opportunity for dilution and sorption.

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Procedures for use of, and drill cores and cuttings available for study at, the Lithologic Core Storage Library, Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, Idaho

Cited by 4 publications

References 2 publications

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Volcanic stratigraphy and age model of the Kimama deep borehole (Project Hotspot): Evidence for 5.8 million years of continuous basalt volcanism, central Snake River Plain, Idaho

Hydraulic and Geochemical Framework of the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory Vadose Zone

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