Procedures for Determining Integrity of UXO and Explosives Soil Contamination at Firing Ranges

Brannon, James M.; Jenkins, Thomas F.; Parker, Louisa V.; Deliman, Patrick N.; Gerald, Jeffrey A.

doi:10.21236/ada383113

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 4 publications

(9 reference statements)

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“…Studies which have used incremental sampling of soil have found a drop in residue recovery around firing points with increasing distance from the charge 67 (4,200 mg/kg of NG in soil at the firing point 142 mg/kg of NG at the furthest sampled distance). Another found residues of TNT (0.02 -7.5 mg/kg) in soils sampled near the firing points with no residue detected elsewhere 68 . Similarly, low concentrations of RDX (0.004 µg/g) were found 5 m from the known firing point in one study with no residues detected at points sampled up to 50 m away 69 .…”

Section: Figure 4: Recovery Of Ammonium (µG) From Sites Positioned Atmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Studies have been based on sampling in and around areas of known detonations on firing ranges as well as the detonation of military explosives, including various sized mortar rounds and shells, and have focused on ground sampling; incorporating techniques such as multi-increment sampling [67][68][69] , sampling on tarpaulin 70,71 , snow [72][73][74] , soil 67,69 , and trays 75 . Studies which have used incremental sampling of soil have found a drop in residue recovery around firing points with increasing distance from the charge 67 (4,200 mg/kg of NG in soil at the firing point 142 mg/kg of NG at the furthest sampled distance).…”

Section: Figure 4: Recovery Of Ammonium (µG) From Sites Positioned Atmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Post-blast explosive residue – a review of formation and dispersion theories and experimental research

et al. 2014

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Section: Figure 4: Recovery Of Ammonium (µG) From Sites Positioned Atmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Figure 4: Recovery Of Ammonium (µG) From Sites Positioned Atmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post-blast explosive residue – a review of formation and dispersion theories and experimental research

et al. 2014

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“…There are additional reports that study if low order detonations can contribute any metals on these types of ranges (Pennington et al, 2008). The authors found that in terms of metal input into the environment, there remains a limited number of extensive studies that pertain specifically to larger caliber artillery and mortar ranges in literature with the majority of studies focusing on energetic compounds from such activities (Brannon et al, 2000;Jenkins et al, 2001Jenkins et al, , 2006Pennington et al, 2008;Thiboutot et al, 2012). More recently, Clausen et al (2012) conducted a study of four Army pyrotechnic devices heavily used during range training to assess the metal deposition rate.…”

Section: Small Arms Rangesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental impact of metals resulting from military training activities : a review

Barker¹,

Clausen²,

Douglas³

et al. 2022

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The deposition of metals into the environment as a result of military training activities remains a longterm concern for Defense organizations across the globe. Of particular concern for deposition and potential mobilization are antimony (Sb), arsenic (As), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), and tungsten (W), which are the focus of this review article. The fate, transport, and mobilization of these metals are complicated and depend on a variety of environmental factors that are often convoluted, heterogeneous, and site dependent. While there have been many studies investigating contaminant mobilization on military training lands there exists a lack of cohesiveness surrounding the current state of knowledge for these five metals. The focus of this review article is to compile the current knowledge of the fate, transport, and ultimate risks presented by metals associated with different military training activities particularly as a result of small arms training activities, artillery/mortar ranges, battleruns, rocket ranges, and grenade courts. From there, we discuss emerging research results and finish with suggestions of where future research efforts and training range designs could be focused toward further reducing the deposition, limiting the migration, and decreasing risks presented by metals in the environment. Additionally, information presented here may offer insights into Sb, As, Cu, Pb, and W in other environmental settings.

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“…On the battlefield and on testing ranges, unconsumed munition compounds are dispersed at the target and at the point from which the shot was fired (from propellant) as small particles (Jenkins et al 2001;Jenkins et al 2005;Jenkins et al 2006;Pennington et al 2001, Pennington et al 2002, Pennington et al 2003, Pennington et al 2004Taylor et al 2004). Corrosion and leakage of unexploded ordnance (UXO) can be a major long-term point source on impact areas (Brannon et al 2000;Chendorain, Stewart, and Packer 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparative, extraction, and analytical methods for simultaneous determination of legacy and insensitive munition (IM) constituents in aqueous, soil or sediment, and tissue matrices

Crouch¹,

Smith²,

Stromer³

et al. 2021

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No standard method exists for determining levels of insensitive munition (IM) compounds in environmental matrices. This project resulted in new methods of extraction, analytical separation and quantitation of 17 legacy and 7 IM compounds, daughter products of IM, and other munition compounds absent from USEPA Method 8330B. Extraction methods were developed for aqueous (direct-injection and solid-phase extraction [SPE]), soil, sediment, and tissue samples using laboratory-spiked samples. Aqueous methods were tested on 5 water sources, with 23 of 24 compounds recovered within DoD QSM Ver5.2 limits. New solvent extraction (SE) methods enabled recovery of all 24 compounds from 6 soils within QSM limits, and a majority of the 24 compounds were recovered at acceptable levels from 4 tissues types. A modified chromatographic treatment method removed analytical interferences from tissue extracts. Two orthogonal high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet (HPLC-UV) separation methods, along with an HPLC–mass spectrometric (HPLC-MS) method, were developed. Implementing these new methods should reduce labor and supply costs by approximately 50%, requiring a single extraction and sample preparation, and 2 analyses rather than 4. These new methods will support environmental monitoring of IM and facilitate execution of risk-related studies to determine long-term effects of IM compounds.

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Procedures for Determining Integrity of UXO and Explosives Soil Contamination at Firing Ranges

Abstract: Proving Ground, Maryland, for providing access to an artillery firing range and assisting in the collection of soil samples near UXO items for preliminary characterization.

Cited by 5 publications

References 4 publications

Post-blast explosive residue – a review of formation and dispersion theories and experimental research

Post-blast explosive residue – a review of formation and dispersion theories and experimental research

Environmental impact of metals resulting from military training activities : a review

Preparative, extraction, and analytical methods for simultaneous determination of legacy and insensitive munition (IM) constituents in aqueous, soil or sediment, and tissue matrices

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