According to National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) esti mates, approximately 6,500 pedestrians and 850 bicyclists are killed each year in colli sions with motor vehicles. Over 110,000 pedestrians and 75,000 bicyclists are injured. These "non-occupant" crash victims typically comprise 16 percent of motor vehicle fatalities overall, and up to half of motor vehicle fatalities in some urban areas. This report was prepared to review key countermeasure developments and program activities impacting on pedestrian and bicyclist safety over the past decade. The official time frame for the review is 1982-1989, although for continuity some summarizing of activities prior to 1982 is presented, and the upper end of the time frame has been extended slightly to incorporate current developments. The report is organized according to educational, engineering, and enforce ment/regulatory program areas, and within each, national, state and local activities. National activities have encompassed both Federal Government and private initia tives and have generally been better documented and publicized than state or local activities. However, the latter are critical to achieving an overall reduction in pedestrian and bicyclist casualties. Although this report certainly cannot document all of the many pedestrian and bicyclist safety activities that have transpired in com munities and states across the country, it has sought to identify key programs and trends and those activities that have been particularly effective or innovative. National Policies and Trends To set the stage for .the review of program and countermeasure develop ments, Chapter 2.of the report highlights key national level policies and trends impacting on pedestrians and bicyclists. In April 1980, just prior to the time period for this review, the Secretary of Transportation released the "Bicycle Transportation