Procedural time reduction associated with active esophageal cooling during pulmonary vein isolation

Abstract

Background: Active esophageal cooling is increasingly utilized as an alternative to luminal esophageal temperature (LET) monitoring for protection against thermal injury during pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) when treating atrial fibrillation (AF). Published data demonstrate the efficacy of active cooling in reducing thermal injury, but impacts on procedural efficiency are not as well characterized. LET monitoring compels pauses in ablation due to heat stacking and temperature overheating alarms that in turn delay progress of the PVI procedure, whereas active esophageal cooling allows avoidance of this phenomenon. Objective: Measure the change in PVI procedure duration after implementation of active esophageal cooling as a protective measure against esophageal injury. Methods: We performed a retrospective review under IRB approval of patients with AF undergoing PVI between January 2018 to February 2020. For each patient, we recorded age, gender, and total procedure time. We then compared procedure times before and after the implementation of active esophageal cooling as a replacement for LET monitoring. Results: A total of 373 patients received PVI over the study period. LET monitoring using a multi-sensor probe was performed in 198 patients, and active esophageal cooling using a dedicated device was performed in 175 patients. Patient characteristics did not significantly differ between groups (mean age of 67 years, and gender 37.4% female). Mean procedure time was 146 minutes in the LET monitored patients, and 110 minutes in the actively cooled patients, representing a reduction of 36 minutes, or 24.7% (p<.001). Median procedure time was 141 minutes in the LET monitored patients and 100 minutes in the actively cooled patients, for a reduction of 41 minutes, or 29.1% (p<.001). Conclusions: Implementation of active esophageal cooling for protection against esophageal injury during PVI was associated with a significantly large reduction in procedure duration.

An Esophageal Cooling Device During Radiofrequency Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation—A Comparison Between Reactive and Proactive Esophageal Cooling

“…A subsequent investigation into the procedural impact of active esophageal cooling has since been published, reporting a mean procedure time reduction of 36 min, or 24.7% of the total procedure time (P < 0.001). 20 Although not powered for further hypothesis testing, the extent and severity of esophageal lesions in actively cooled patients were slightly less than those in control patients receiving intermittent reactive instillation of icecold water in response to temperature elevations. Specifically, the treatment arm cohort included a single ulcer in 1 patient and an erythematous patch in another patient.…”