Procalcitonin and community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in children

Bivona, Giulia; Agnello, Luisa; Scazzone, Concetta; Bruna, Lo Sasso; Bellia, Chiara; Ciaccio, Marcello

doi:10.1016/j.cca.2015.09.031

Cited by 35 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…[121][122][123] The reported performance characteristics of procalcitonin versus CRP vary, with no clear evidence that either is superior. 121 124 BTS guidelines recommend against the use of acute phase reactants for distinguishing between bacterial and viral pneumonia, 28 whereas IDSA guidelines recommend that they are not used as the only distinguishing determinant.…”

Section: Host Biomarkers For Distinguishing Between Bacterial and Virmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in the diagnosis of pneumonia in children

Zar

Andronikou

Nicol

2017

BMJ

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Pneumonia remains a major cause of childhood mortality and morbidity globally. Accurate diagnosis and attribution of the causes of pneumonia are important for measuring the burden of disease, implementing appropriate preventive or treatment strategies, and developing more effective interventions. This review summarizes recent diagnostic advances in radiological techniques, specimen collection, and laboratory methods. Although chest ultrasound and chest magnetic resonance imaging are promising modalities for radiological diagnosis, their role in clinical management and their impact on outcomes need further study. Rapid, highly sensitive, multiplex laboratory tests performed on upper respiratory tract samples or induced sputum can detect nucleic acid from potential pathogens in most children with pneumonia. However, it may be difficult to attribute causality because it is often impossible to distinguish between organisms colonizing or infecting the upper respiratory tract and those causing pneumonia. Currently available host biomarkers lack accuracy for distinguishing bacterial or mixed bacterial-viral infections from viral infections. New biomarkers derived from host transcriptional profile analysis may be more accurate but require validation. Prospective studies with appropriate control populations, including studies of clinical impact, are needed to improve our understanding of the role of tests. Although progress has been made in radiological techniques and laboratory testing, current methods for diagnosing and attributing the causes of pneumonia are suboptimal.

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Section: Host Biomarkers For Distinguishing Between Bacterial and Virmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in the diagnosis of pneumonia in children

Zar

Andronikou

Nicol

2017

BMJ

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“…In the last decades, a role of hypovitaminosis D has emerged [3]. Since the discovery of vitamin D immunomodulatory function, vitamin D has been proposed as a serum biomarker in several clinical conditions, including neurodegenerative disorders, along with inflammatory and cardiovascular markers [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Klotho and vitamin D in multiple sclerosis: an Italian study

Scazzone¹,

Agnello²,

Sasso³

et al. 2020

aoms

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Introduction: Low vitamin D levels have been recognised as an important risk factor for autoimmune diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS). MS is a multifactorial disease, the pathogenesis of which contributes both to genetic and environmental factors. Polymorphisms in genes codifying molecules involved in vitamin D homeostasis have been associated with hypovitaminosis D. However, the influence of polymorphisms of Klotho, which codify a protein with a pivotal role in vitamin D metabolism, have never been investigated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association among genetic variants of Klotho, namely rs1207568 and rs9536314, serum 25(OH)D 3 levels, and multiple sclerosis (both risk and disease progression). Material and methods: 107 patients with MS and 133 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. Serum 25(OH)D 3 levels and genotyping of Klotho SNPs were evaluated in all participants by high-performance liquid chromatography and real-time polymerase chain reaction, respectively. Results: Allelic and genotypic frequencies did not differ between patients and controls. Concerning rs1207568, we found a trend toward lower serum 25(OH)D 3 levels in MS patients with A allele (mutant), both in heterozygosis (AG) and in homozygosis (AA), in comparison to MS patients with G allele in homozygosis (GG) (AG + AA 20.5 ±6.3 μg/l; GG 22.5 ±7.5 μg/l, p = 0.07). Conclusions: Our findings did not identify a role of Klotho in the genetic susceptibility to MS.

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“…Pneumonia is one of the most common infectious causes of death in children worldwide (11). However, early diagnosis and intervention can effectively reduce the morbidity and mortality rates (12) LRTI in children requires the use of laboratory tests either for detecting the etiology agent, for planning the treatment, or for predicting prognosis of the disease (13).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum Sodium Levels in Children with Lung Infections

Yılmaz¹,

Çandar²,

Kara³

et al. 2016

Çocuk Enf Derg

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Objective: Serum sodium levels change in patients with lung infections. This study aimed to evaluate serum sodium levels in patients who were admitted to the hospital with a lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) and to assess its association with C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was designed. A total of 549 inpatients (207 females, 37.7%; 342 males, 62.3%) aged 1-15 years who were diagnosed with LRTI (pneumonia, bronchitis, and bronchiolitis) at the Kars State Hospital's pediatric ward between 01.01.2011 and 30.06.2014 were included in the study. The records of these patients were retrospectively reviewed. Age, gender, white blood cell (WBC) count, absolute neutrophil count (ANC), sodium levels, and CRP levels were recorded. The patients were classified into five groups according to serum sodium levels as severe hyponatremia, moderate hyponatremia, mild hyponatremia, normonatremia, and hypernatremia. Results: There was no significant difference for age or gender between the hyponatremia and normonatremia groups. There was one patient with severe hyponatremia (≤125 mmol/L), nine with moderate hyponatremia (126-130 mmol/L), 90 with mild hyponatremia (131-134 mmol/L), 446 with normonatremia (135-145 mmol/L), and three with hypernatremia (≥146 mmol/L). There was a negative correlation between serum sodium levels and CRP levels (r=-0.178; p<0.001), WBC counts (r=-0.121; p=0.004), and ANC (r=-0.100; p=0.048). Conclusion: There was a statistically significant negative correlation between serum sodium levels and acutephase reactants in patients with pneumonia. Serum sodium levels must be closely monitored in these patients, particularly when acute-phase reactant levels are high.

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Procalcitonin and community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in children

Cited by 35 publications

References 27 publications

Advances in the diagnosis of pneumonia in children

Advances in the diagnosis of pneumonia in children

Klotho and vitamin D in multiple sclerosis: an Italian study

Serum Sodium Levels in Children with Lung Infections

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