Procalcitonin and C - reactive protein as peripheral inflammatory markers in antipsychotic drug-free schizophrenia patients

Varun, Chakrakodi N.; Ravikumar, Raju; Venkataswamy, Manjunatha M.; Ravi, Vasanthapuram; Varambally, Shivarama

doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2018.04.029

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…LBY-XC40B). C-reactive protein (CRP) and the rheumatoid factor (RF) were detected using rate scatter nephelometry ( 25 ) using an IMMAGE rate scattering turbidity analyzer (UniCel DxC800; Beckman Coulter, Inc.).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression levels of CXCR4 and CXCL12 in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and its correlation with disease activity

et al. 2020

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The present study aimed to investigate the expression levels of C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) and CXC ligand 12 (CXCL12) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and the correlation with disease activity. In total, 60 patients with RA were selected as the study group, comprising of 28 patients in active-stage and 32 patients in remission-stage. In addition, 60 patients with osteoarthritis were selected as the control group. Western blotting and ELISA were used to detect the expression of CXCR4 and CXCL12, respectively. The Spearman's correlation test was used to analyze correlations between CXCR4 and CXCL12, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), disease activity score 28 (DAS28) scores and rheumatoid factor (RF). The present results suggested that CXCR4 and CXCL12 expression levels in the serum and joint synovial fluid of the study group were significantly higher compared with the control group (P<0.05). Moreover, CXCR4 and CXCL12 expression levels in the RA-active group were higher compared with the remission (P<0.05) and control groups (P<0.01). The Pearson test results suggested that the expression levels of CXCR4 and CXCL12 in the serum and joint synovial fluid of patients with RA had a positive correlation with the ESR, CRP, RF and DAS28 scores (P<0.05). CXCL12 and CXCR4 were highly expressed in the serum and joint synovial fluid of patients with RA, and these expression levels were positively correlated with ESR, CRP, RF and DAS28 scores. Therefore, these clinical parameters may be used as indicators to evaluate the disease activity of patients with RA.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression levels of CXCR4 and CXCL12 in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and its correlation with disease activity

et al. 2020

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“…Nevertheless, newer inflammatory biomarkers like procalcitonin (PCT) are now also being utilized in place of CRP and ESR. However, the available data for use of PCT in the identification or screening of psychosis is extremely small [ 81 , 82 ] and further empirical data is necessary to compare the efficacy of PCT against other established biomarkers like CRP.…”

Section: Conclusion and Ways Forwardmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role and Perspectives of Inflammation and C-Reactive Protein (CRP) in Psychosis: An Economic and Widespread Tool for Assessing the Disease

Ullah

Awan

Aamir

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Schizophrenia is a major psychotic disorder affecting nearly 23.6 million people globally and greatly impacting the cognitive and social functioning of individuals. Multiple risk factors, including genetic, environmental, and epigenetic factors have been identified. However, the exact mechanism by which some factors aid in the development of schizophrenia is still uncertain. Acute and/or long-standing inflammation has been implicated as both a cause and effect of schizophrenia. Heightened immune responses have been documented in large cohorts of individuals with schizophrenia. While not completely known, multiple hypotheses, such as disruption of the blood–brain barrier, alterations in the kynurenine/tryptophan pathway, and increased microglial activation, have been presented to correlate inflammation with schizophrenic symptoms. Measurement of C-reactive protein (CRP) is a commonly performed and inexpensive test on patients’ serum to determine levels of systemic inflammation in the body. Multiple studies have reported an elevated CRP level in different stages of schizophrenia, indicating its potential to be used as a viable biomarker in the diagnosis and monitoring of schizophrenia along with assessing treatment response to conventional and non-conventional treatment regimens. This review aims to evaluate the role of inflammation, in general, and CRP, in particular, in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia and its potential significance in diagnostic, therapeutic, and preventative approaches towards schizophrenia and psychosis.

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“…A growing body of evidence suggest dysfunctional immune function is one of the pathogenesis of schizophrenia (Goldsmith et al, 2018; Özdin and Böke, 2018). To date, procalcitonin (Varun et al, 2018), C-reactive protein (CRP) (Faugere et al, 2018), and cytokines, including interleukins (Ebrinç et al, 2002) and tumor necrosis factor (Turhan et al, 2016), have been used as markers of in ammation in schizophrenia, and higher markers have been observed than in normal subjects. Cognitive de cit is one of the core symptoms of schizophrenia, Ribeiro-Santos et al (2014) reported that in ammation was associated with worst cognitive performance in patients with schizophrenia, thus, it reveals that in ammation not only takes an important role in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia, but also is involved in the mechanism of cognitive de cits.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship between neutrophil-lymphocyte, platelet-lymphocyte ratio, monocyte- lymphocyte ratio and cognitive function in schizophrenia

Zhou,

Ma,

Wang

2023

Preprint

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Schizophrenia is a psychotic disorder with unknown pathogenesis, and accompanied by varying degrees of cognitive deficits. Recent studies have shown that dysregulated immune may play an important role in schizophrenia. The aim of this study was to determine the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and monocyte-lymphocyte ratio (MLR) in patients with schizophrenia, and explore their correlations with cognitive function. 74 patients with schizophrenia and 57 age- and gender-matched healthy controls were recruited in this study with demographic and clinical information. And blood samples were taken and cognitive function were evaluated by MCCB. All the MCCB tasks in this study were found with worse performance in patients with schizophrenia compared to healthy controls. Compare to healthy controls, patients with schizophrenia showed lower Hb levels, and higher monocytes, PLR, and MLR. Spearman correlation analysis showed Hb levels and PLR were positive and negative correlated with global cognitive function respectively. In summary, this study suggests that cognitive deficits in patients with schizophrenia is associated with dysregulated immunity and poor nutrition, which should be paid more attention in the future.

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Procalcitonin and C - reactive protein as peripheral inflammatory markers in antipsychotic drug-free schizophrenia patients

Cited by 7 publications

References 20 publications

Expression levels of CXCR4 and CXCL12 in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and its correlation with disease activity

Expression levels of CXCR4 and CXCL12 in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and its correlation with disease activity

Role and Perspectives of Inflammation and C-Reactive Protein (CRP) in Psychosis: An Economic and Widespread Tool for Assessing the Disease

The relationship between neutrophil-lymphocyte, platelet-lymphocyte ratio, monocyte- lymphocyte ratio and cognitive function in schizophrenia

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