Proboscidea

Wiedner, Ellen

doi:10.1016/b978-1-4557-7397-8.00053-0

Cited by 7 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 56 publications

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“…Elephant molars are placed in the sequentially erupting group of dentitions 1. Throughout life, elephants normally have six molars per quadrant, which, as the rostral teeth wear and are progressively lost, are replaced from a caudal direction 2 3. Per quadrant at least one molar is usually in full function, while the subsequent molar is about to erupt or is in partial wear 4.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Operant conditioning facilitates safe induction and appropriate positioning for molar extraction under general anaesthetic in an Asian elephant (Elephas maximus)

Asquith-Barnes

Sambrook

Masters³

et al. 2017

Vet Record Case Reports

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An Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) suffering from dental malocclusion was anaesthetised for dental treatment using etorphine. The main risks of the procedure were trauma, associated with falls during sedation, and malpositioning, preventing access to the oral cavity. To reduce these risks the elephant was trained, using operant conditioning, to lie down in the required position and accept hand injections. Induction was straightforward and no repositioning was required under anaesthesia. One molar was extracted and another reshaped to improve occlusion and prevent soft tissue trauma. The anaesthetic was reversed within two hours of induction, and the elephant was manually assisted by the keepers to stand up. Operant conditioning proved invaluable during this procedure by improving staff and animal safety by enabling controlled hand injection of potent opioids instead of remote injection; allowing correct positioning prior to induction, greatly reducing anaesthetic time; and allowing a swift-assisted recovery post reversal.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Operant conditioning facilitates safe induction and appropriate positioning for molar extraction under general anaesthetic in an Asian elephant (Elephas maximus)

Asquith-Barnes

Sambrook

Masters³

et al. 2017

Vet Record Case Reports

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Uroliths in Elephants

Thongthip¹,

Sripiboon²

2023

Fowler' S Zoo and Wild Animal Medicine Current Therapy, Volume 10

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Surviving and fatal Elephant Endotheliotropic Herpesvirus-1A infections in juvenile Asian elephants – lessons learned and recommendations on anti-herpesviral therapy

et al. 2016

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BackgroundElephant Endotheliotropic Herpesviruses (EEHVs) can cause acute haemorrhagic disease in young Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) and clinical EEHV infections account for the majority of their fatalities. The anti-herpesviral drug famciclovir (FCV) has been used routinely to treat viraemic at-risk elephants, but thus far without proven efficacy. This paper presents clinical and virological investigations of two EEHV-1A infected elephants treated with FCV, and discusses anti-herpesvirus therapies of viraemic elephants.Cases presentationsTwo 1.5 year old male Asian elephants at a zoological collection in the UK developed clinical EEHV-1A infections. Case 1 showed signs of myalgia for the duration of 24 hours before returning back to normal. EEHV-1A DNAemia was confirmed on the day of clinical signs and continued to be present for 18 days in total. Trunk shedding of the virus commenced 10 days after detection of initial DNAemia. Case 2 tested positive for EEHV-1A DNAemia in a routine blood screening sample in the absence of clinical signs. The blood viral load increased exponentially leading up to fatal clinical disease seven days after initial detection of DNAemia. Both calves were treated with 15 mg/kg FCV per rectum on detection of DNAemia and penciclovir, the FCV metabolite, could be detected in the blood at assumed therapeutic levels. The early indicators for clinical disease were a marked absolute and relative drop in white blood cells, particularly monocytes prior to the detection of viraemia. The most prognostic haematological parameter at later stages of the disease was the platelet count showing a continuous sharp decline throughout, followed by a dramatic drop at the time of death.ConclusionsThe EEHV-1A viraemic animals investigated here further highlight the ongoing threat posed by these viruses to juvenile Asian elephants. The findings call into question the efficacy of rectal FCV in clinical cases and direct towards the use of alternative anti-herpesvirus drugs and complementary treatments such as plasma infusions if no improvement in either viral load or the above-mentioned blood parameters are observed in the initial days of viraemia despite anti-herpesvirus therapy.

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Proboscidea

Cited by 7 publications

References 56 publications

Operant conditioning facilitates safe induction and appropriate positioning for molar extraction under general anaesthetic in an Asian elephant (Elephas maximus)

Operant conditioning facilitates safe induction and appropriate positioning for molar extraction under general anaesthetic in an Asian elephant (Elephas maximus)

Uroliths in Elephants

Surviving and fatal Elephant Endotheliotropic Herpesvirus-1A infections in juvenile Asian elephants – lessons learned and recommendations on anti-herpesviral therapy

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