Proboscidae

Landolfi, Jennifer A.; Terrell, Scott P.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-805306-5.00016-x

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…The gross lesions described in cases of enteric salmonellosis in elephants have ranged from redness of the distal small intestinal or colonic mucosa to catarrhal or fibrinohemorrhagic enteritis and colitis. 4,8,10,12,15,20,21,24,25 In our 2 cases, the intestinal lesions were fibrinohemorrhagic, necrotizing, and severe, which could be a consequence of the immune status of the animals or inherent to the virulence of the Salmonella serovars involved.…”

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confidence: 62%

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Salmonellosis in elephants in managed care: report of 2 cases and literature review

et al. 2023

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In animals, salmonellosis is seen typically as enteritis and/or septicemia. Subclinical infection also occurs, and outwardly healthy animals can serve as reservoirs of infection. Reports of salmonellosis in elephants are rare, limited to a few serovars, and the gross and microscopic lesions of enteric salmonellosis in this species have not been described in detail. We present here, in 2 elephants in managed care settings, cases of salmonellosis that resulted from infection by Salmonella enterica serovar Muenchen and S. enterica serovar Montevideo, serovars that have not been described previously as the cause of salmonellosis in elephants, to our knowledge. We also review the literature on salmonellosis in elephants. Animal A, an adult Asian elephant that was euthanized because of gastrointestinal hemorrhage, had multifocal, necrotizing, suppurative enterocolitis, and necrotizing gastritis. Animal B, an adult African elephant with chronic, recurrent colic, followed by death, had necrotizing typhlocolitis. The origin of infection was not determined in either case. The animals came from different facilities and did not have a common feed source. Previously reported cases of salmonellosis in elephants were caused by Salmonella Dublin, Salmonella Typhimurium, or Salmonella Enteritidis. The definitive diagnosis of salmonellosis is made based on compatible gross and microscopic lesions, coupled with the detection of Salmonella spp. in the affected tissues. Effective biosecurity should be adopted to minimize the risk of salmonellosis in elephants in managed care.

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confidence: 62%

“…infections in elephants have been reported to have been caused by Salmonella Dublin, Salmonella Typhimurium, and Salmonella Enteritidis. 8,10,12,15 Detailed descriptions of lesions associated with Salmonella spp. infection in this species are lacking.…”

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confidence: 99%

Salmonellosis in elephants in managed care: report of 2 cases and literature review

et al. 2023

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“…When Abegglen et al (2015) reported that elephants were particularly unaffected by cancer at less than 5% occurrence, zoo veterinarians dealing with elephant uterine tumours (leiomyomas) must have wondered about the particularly bad luck they had had in their professional lives. The elephants' claim to cancer fame was shortlived, as subsequent publications quickly set the record straight, reporting tumour occurrence in a much higher percentage of the investigated animals (Boddy et al, 2020, 47%; Landolfi et al, 2021, 80%; Landolfi & Terrell, 2018, 67%). It appears that claims identifying particularly cancer resistant species should be met with sober scepticism.…”

Section: Comparative Cancer Research: the Quest For A Magic Curementioning

confidence: 99%

Putting zoo animal cancer into perspective

Clauss,

Müller

2023

Zoo Biology

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As part of a comparative research agenda that promises insights that help extend the human lifespan and combat cancer, cancer prevalence in zoo animals has received recent attention. Here, we want to draw attention to a principle of cancer research that was introduced into the zoo world as early on as 1933, but that seems to have gone somewhat forgotten: Cancer is mainly a disease of old age, and therefore studies aiming at identifying taxa that are particularly susceptible or resistant to cancer must control for whether the respective zoo populations are ‘old.’ In a comparative context, ‘old age’ cannot be measured in absolute terms (e.g., years), but only in relation to a species' maximum lifespan: Species that achieve, across zoos, a higher mean lifespan as a percent of their maximum lifespan are ‘older.’ When applying this metric to former as well as more recently published data on cancer prevalence, it appears that those species that become relatively old in zoos—in particular, the carnivores—have a relatively high cancer prevalence. Any improvement in animal husbandry—which reduces premature deaths—should, by default, lead to more cancer. Cancer in zoo animals, like any other old‐age condition, might therefore be embraced as a proxy for good husbandry. Rather than following a sensationalist approach that dramatizes disease and death per se, zoos should be clear about what their husbandry goals are, what relative longevities they want to achieve for which species, and what old‐age diseases they should therefore expect: in the end, one has to die of something.

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“…Histologically, the uterine growths were consistent with serosal fibropapillomas, which are frequent incidental findings in this location in aged elephants. 20 …”

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confidence: 99%

Colonic sand impaction with cecal rupture and peritonitis in an adult African savanna elephant, and review of noninfectious causes of gastrointestinal disease in elephants

Teodoro¹,

Uzal

Streitenberger

et al. 2022

J VET Diagn Invest

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Gastrointestinal disorders are among the most common disease processes in captive elephants. Colic is a frequent clinical presentation and may have several infectious and noninfectious causes. Ingestion of sand has been reported in elephants living in enclosures with loose sandy soils. Similar to the situation in horses, sand ingestion can cause intestinal impaction and colic in elephants. Here we describe a case of colonic sand impaction with cecal rupture and peritonitis in an African savanna elephant from a zoologic collection that died after several days of colic. On autopsy, abundant, gritty, sandy material was found within a segment of colon immediately aboral to the cecum. There was a full-thickness tear in the cecal wall, free intestinal contents within the abdominal cavity, and peritonitis. To our knowledge, the postmortem examination of an elephant with sand impaction and cecal rupture has not been reported previously; this condition should be included among the differential diagnoses in elephants with colic. We review the reports of noninfectious causes of gastrointestinal disease in elephants, which include cases of small intestinal and colonic torsion and of intestinal obstruction by fecal boluses.

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Proboscidae

Cited by 4 publications

References 56 publications

Salmonellosis in elephants in managed care: report of 2 cases and literature review

Salmonellosis in elephants in managed care: report of 2 cases and literature review

Putting zoo animal cancer into perspective

Colonic sand impaction with cecal rupture and peritonitis in an adult African savanna elephant, and review of noninfectious causes of gastrointestinal disease in elephants

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