Problems of weak electromagnetic field effects in cell biology

Electrical Stimulation in Tissue Regeneration

“…For example, regarding gene expression, Berg reviewed that no less than 7 laboratories reported discrepancies with regard to c-myc, c-fos histone 2B, -actin, and URA-3. This review focused on experiments using frequency < 100Hz, amplitude < 12mT and treatment time < 2h, and found the reproducibility of the results to be unsatisfactory (Berg, 1999). The parameters most often mentioned in EMF are frequency, amplitude, and treatment time.…”

An investigation of the heart rate, heart rate variability, cardiac ions, troponin-I and CK-MB in men exposed to 1.5 T constant magnetic fields

“…The results of previous studies investigating these effects are varied. Generally it was reported that the magnetic field affected DNA, RNA and protein synthesis, cell division, Ca 2+ influx across the plasma membrane, Ca 2+ linking, signal transfer and other ion flows in the biological system (Cleary et al 1993;Berg et al 1999;Cridland et al 1999). There are few studies on the effects of magnetic fields on ions and these studies are limited to Ca 2+ and K + (Sastre et al 1998;Kangarlu et al 1999;Ohata et al 2004;Shen et al 2007).…”

A Model Proposal for Long-Lasting Electromagnetic Forces-Biological System Interaction: Molecular Fatigue Damages

“…Their effect on DNA, RNA, protein synthesis, cell division, cell surface features, ion entry-exit from the cell membrane such as Ca, Na, ion bonding, signal transmission (neurotransmitters, hormones, enzymes), ion transport and activation of some enzymes have been researched [19][20][21]. With the impact of electromagnetic fields, atoms and molecules of the body may lose the electrical balance they established between each other, biochemical activities may get affected, electrical structure in the communication of cells and tissues may break down [22,23].…”