Problems of space gastroenterology and microenvironment

Смирнов, К. В.; Lizko, N. N.

doi:10.1002/food.19870310572

Cited by 22 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…Microgravity or simulated weightlessness has been shown to induce dysbiosis in intestinal microbiota ( Smirnov and Lizko, 1987 ; Li et al, 2015 ; Ritchie et al, 2015 ). The present study indicated that hindlimb unloading increased proportion of Bacteroidetes and decreased Firmicutes -to- Bacteroidetes (F:B) ratio compared with the CON, which are in accordance with the change of intestinal microbiota during 13-days spaceflight ( Ritchie et al, 2015 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In recent years, there has been a renewed interest concerning that intestinal microbiota may be influenced by environmental and genetic factors, diet and probiotics, which also affect the host health and behavior in turn ( Faust and Raes, 2016 ). Compositional changes in intestinal mucosal microbiota have been reported during short and long-term spaceflight, which indicated that microgravity could perturb the structure and composition of intestinal bacterial communities ( Nefedov et al, 1971 ; Smirnov and Lizko, 1987 ; Ritchie et al, 2015 ). However, studies on how commensal bacteria respond to weightlessness at species level and the influence of weightlessness on their functionality and metabolic activities are limited.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Responses of Intestinal Mucosal Barrier Functions of Rats to Simulated Weightlessness

et al. 2018

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Exposure to microgravity or weightlessness leads to various adaptive and pathophysiological alterations in digestive structures and physiology. The current study was carried out to investigate responses of intestinal mucosal barrier functions to simulated weightlessness, by using the hindlimb unloading rats model. Compared with normal controls, simulated weightlessness damaged the intestinal villi and structural integrity of tight junctions, up-regulated the expression of pro-apoptotic protein Bax while down-regulated the expression of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2, thus improved the intestinal permeability. It could also influence intestinal microbiota composition with the expansion of Bacteroidetes and decrease of Firmicutes. The predicted metagenomic analysis emphasized significant dysbiosis associated differences in genes involved in membrane transport, cofactors and vitamins metabolism, energy metabolism, and genetic information processing. Moreover, simulated weightlessness could modify the intestinal immune status characterized by the increase of proinflammatory cytokines, decrease of secretory immunoglobulin A, and activation of TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway in ileum. These results indicate the simulated weightlessness disrupts intestinal mucosal barrier functions in animal model. The data also emphasize the necessity of monitoring and regulating astronauts’ intestinal health during real space flights to prevent breakdowns in intestinal homeostasis of crewmembers.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Responses of Intestinal Mucosal Barrier Functions of Rats to Simulated Weightlessness

et al. 2018

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“…Therefore, our cohousing experiments demonstrated for the first time a close relationship between gut dysbiosis and peripheral insulin resistance/glucose intolerance in HU mice. As gut dysbiosis has been found in astronauts and rodents during short-and long-term space missions (20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25), it is very likely that altered intestinal microbiota also contributes to spaceflight-induced glucose metabolic disorder.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ABBREVIATIONS: AUC, area under curve; c-Ctrl, cohoused Ctrl; Ctrl, control; c-HU, cohoused HU; G6pc, glucose-6-phosphatase; Gck, glucokinase; GTT, glucose tolerance test; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; HU, hind limb unloading; ITT, insulin tolerance test; LBP, LPS-binding protein; OTU, operational taxonomic unit; PCoA, principal coordinate analysis Dysbiosis has also been found during short-and long-term space missions, with a reduction in the beneficial group of microorganisms, such as Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus, and an accumulation in opportunistic pathogens, such as Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Clostridium spp. (20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26). This indicates that conditions in space, whether they be microgravity, radiation, stress, or diet (27), could alter the composition and structure of intestinal microbial communities.…”

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confidence: 99%

Intestinal microbiota contributes to altered glucose metabolism in simulated microgravity mouse model

et al. 2019

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Exposure to space environment induces alterations in glucose and lipid metabolism that contribute to muscular atrophy, bone loss, and cardiovascular disorders. Intestinal microbiota is also changed, but its impact on spaceflight‐related metabolic disorder is not clear. We investigated the relationship between glucose metabolic changes and gut dysbiosis in a hind limb‐unloading (HU) mouse model, a well‐accepted ground‐based spaceflight analog. Impaired body weight gain, glucose intolerance, and peripheral insulin resistance were found in 2–4‐wk HU mice. Reduced abundance of gut Bifidobacterium spp. and Akkermansia muciniphila was observed within 3 d of HU. The ground‐based control (Ctrl) mice that were cohoused with HU mice showed similar patterns of dysbiosis and metabolic changes. Compared with the Ctrls, higher levels of plasma LPS‐binding protein and altered transcription of Tnfa and glucose metabolism‐related genes in the liver were observed in HU mice. The supplementation of Bifidobacterium spp. suppressed endotoxemia and liver inflammation and improved glucose tolerance in HU mice. The results indicate a close relationship between dysbiosis and altered glucose metabolism in the HU model and also emphasize the importance of evaluating intestinal microbiota in astronauts and its effect on glucose metabolism.—Wang, Y., Zhao, W., Shi, J., Wang, J., Hao, J., Pang, X., Huang, X., Chen, X., Li, Y., Jin, R., Ge, Q. Intestinal microbiota contributes to altered glucose metabolism in simulated microgravity mouse model. FASEB J. 33, 10140–10151 (2019). http://www.fasebj.org

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“…Furthermore, extended isolation of a person, as in the case of a long space flight or special trainings, modifies the intestinal microbiota (32). It is also extensively discussed that stress influences the gut microbiota.…”

Section: Environment Stress Antibiotics and Other Factors Alteringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functions of the Human Intestinal Microbiota in Relation to Functional Foods

Stavropoulou¹,

Tsigalou²,

Bezirtzoglou³

2018

Erciyes Med J

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Interest in functional foods has increased due to their relationship to diet and health. A healthy nutrition preserves the intestinal ecosystem and enhances health. Probiotic Lactobacillus appears to be highly sensitive to diet, environmental factors, stress, and antibiotics. Functional foods are known to play an important role in the stability of a human intestinal ecosystem. Moreover, dissemination of antibiotic resistances into consumed dairy and meat products could select some bacterial species. However, awareness of the relationship between food and health must be constant through permanent surveillance systems. The European Union guidelines should be imposed for the safe use of functional foods as foods or either as biotherapeutic agents. Functional foods are foods that surpass classic nutritional habits and have usually beneficial action for their host. They are classified into three main classes: probiotics, prebiotics, and symbiotics. The use of genetically modified probiotics could provide further chances for the industrial and pharmaceutical exploitation of probiotic microorganisms. In contrast, prebiotics are not microorganisms but non-digestible components. They stimulate the growth and/or the activity of several bacteria in a beneficial way. Their action contributes to a healthy and balanced intestinal microbiota. Systematic administration of prebiotics decreases blood lipid counts, as well as blood pressure, but increases the synthesis and absorption of foods and maybe has an anticarcinogenic action. They are also used extensively in the food industry. Last but not the least is the class of symbiotics, which combines a mixture of probiotics and prebiotics with both effects.

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Problems of space gastroenterology and microenvironment

Cited by 22 publications

References 0 publications

Responses of Intestinal Mucosal Barrier Functions of Rats to Simulated Weightlessness

Responses of Intestinal Mucosal Barrier Functions of Rats to Simulated Weightlessness

Intestinal microbiota contributes to altered glucose metabolism in simulated microgravity mouse model

Functions of the Human Intestinal Microbiota in Relation to Functional Foods

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