Problems of geometric-graphic training of university students

Interest in cluster physics increased at the edge of the second half of the 20th century, while the word «cluster» itself appeared (Eng. cluster «cluster, brush, swarm». Recently, the concept of «cluster» has become relevant due to the trend in the development of nanomaterials. Such nanomaterials obtained using unconventional growth mechanisms are extremely interesting in the field of electronics, photonics and are of great interest for catalysis. The structure and properties of nanoobjects, as well as the technologies of their application and modification are determined by the composition, structure, complex of physical (including quantum mechanical) properties, chemical properties and patterns. In the article, using computer graphics, visualization is considered and visual geometric images of nanoclusters are presented, which allow students to avoid a primitive geometric representation of nanoobjects and serve as motivation to study other natural science subjects. The knowledge and skills laid down by students in the course of engineering and computer graphics are applied to the study of the laws of the processes in the nanowire by the example of the principles of constructing geometric models of nanoclusters along an octahedral line using 3D modeling. The features of the morphology of nanoobjects that determine the relevance of the modernization of students' training in the application of interrelated skills of such disciplines as «Nanomaterial Science», «Nanotechnology», «Engineering and computer graphics» are considered. The content of the article is intended for specialists working in the fields of nanotechnology and can be useful for graduate students and students studying in the fields of «Electronics and microelectronics» and «Nanotechnology», as well as for students of technological specialties of mining and geological and architectural and construction profile.

Modeling of Octahedral Clusters from Structural Units

Kononov,

Kononova

2023

Ornament as the Basis for the Formation of Algorithmic Skills of Future Bachelors of Fine and Applied Arts

Muharkina,

Chernyakova

2023

Ornamental compositions open up significant opportunities for the formation of algorithmic skills among bachelors of fine and applied arts. Geometric ornament is a good training material for the construction and analysis of digital art models with a flexible level of complexity. Descriptive geometry is considered as an applied tool for analyzing and creating an ornamental composition. The analysis of the ornament allows you to read architectural and artistic forms more professionally. The integration of descriptive geometry and computer graphics disciplines takes the content to a qualitatively new level. Geometric constructions in ornamental compositions are functionally convenient for creating digital models when studying vector graphic editors. The article reveals the problem of the formation of algorithmic skills among future bachelors of art as an important component of algorithmic culture and computational thinking. The descriptive geometry language and digital tools of vector computer graphics were chosen as the language of the algorithm description in solving ornamental compositions. The article presents a generalized algorithm for constructing a digital model of ornamental compositions, consisting of analytical, search, constructive, reproductive, reflexive, evaluative stages, including action and auxiliary questions for finding a solution to a graphical problem. An example of a particular algorithm for constructing the rose of Amiens Cathedral, performed by a student in the framework of studying the discipline "Modern Information Technologies", is given. The search for solutions at each stage is carried out with the help of auxiliary questions of the generalized algorithm. Special attention is paid to such stages of the algorithm as reflection of the finished digital model to investigate the possibility of using it in a given material.

The Use of Descriptive Geometry Methods for Graphical Study of the Parameters of the Cutting Part of a Spiral Drill

Paliy

2023

The article presents examples of practical application of descriptive geometry methods for solving engineering problems of determining and studying the parameters of the cutting part of a spiral drill. The necessity of graphical constructions is noted, which is due to the fact that it is impossible to measure the rear angle by a direct measurement method using a universal measuring instrument due to the complex geometric shape of the measuring object. The analysis of the geometric shape of the working part of the spiral drill, which includes the main rear conical surface of the drill tooth, the front screw surface of the drill groove, the cylindrical surface of the tooth back, the main and transverse cutting edges are presented. Using the double contact theorem, a projection of the tooth profile of a spiral drill is constructed on a plane parallel to the drill axis with a given profile projection on a plane perpendicular to the drill axis. The tooth profile is determined by the lines of intersection of the conical surface with the cylindrical surface and with the helical surface of the drill groove. The shape of the drill groove is considered to be set. Projections of the transverse cutting edge of the drill are constructed as lines of intersection of two conical surfaces with intersecting axes. The problem is solved using a bundle of auxiliary planes. The tendency of an increase in the angle of inclination of the transverse cutting edge to the drill axis with a decrease in the distance between the intersecting axes of conical surfaces is shown. Graphically, at an arbitrary point of the drill blade, the value of one of the main geometric parameters of the drill - the rear angle is determined. It is shown that the closer the point of the blade is to the center of the drill, the greater the value of the rear angle. The constructions are made in the 2D Compass-Graph design system. The paper used alternative methods for solving geometric problems, which, unlike traditional ones, provide a simpler and more visual graphical solution.