Problems of Effective Therapy of Brain Neoplasms: Fatality or Positive Outlook

Abstract

The search for “mesenchymal stem cells, glioma, and treatment” showed 446 articles in PubMed on December 18, 2019. The results of scientific research presented in articles by professionals on oncological topics focus on the problem of malignancy of brain tumors and early detection of neoplasms in brain. The degree of glioblastoma’s (GB) malignancy is determined by the content of cancer stem cells, identification of transcription factors, for example, OLIG2, cyclin D2 (CCND2) [1]. The complexity of therapy in glioblastomas is largely determined by tumor heterogeneity and insoluble problem of complete removal of tumor cells during surgery. These facts are the basis for accurate identification of cells in GB by sequencing in order to personalize combined therapy and increase effectiveness of antitumor therapy. Unfortunately, the effectiveness of gliomas’ treatment and, especially treatment of grade IV glioblastoma, is premature to state, given the statistics of mortality from this pathology [1-3]. New innovative solutions are needed in this field of oncology. Positive results of cell therapy of brain tumors in experimental and clinical conditions are among these solutions. Articles have been published that contain analyses of the studies of authors who introduced umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into GB tissue and observed inhibition of GB cell growth and development [3]. MicroRNA molecules released from Extracellular Vesicles of umbilical cord MSCs are considered to be the proposed mechanism of such therapeutic effect [3]. Therefore, data are accumulating on the functional role of exosomes in oncological topics and the reality of MSCs use as one of the components in the treatment of GB [3-5].