Problems involved in correlating changes of functional diffusive and anatomical surface areas of the upper and lower chicken small intestine during fasting

Levin, Roy J.; Mitchell, M.A.

doi:10.1080/13632758408454839

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The present results of villus development, expressed as villus amplification factor, suggest significant regional differences during the period considered; the duodenum shows a peak in the third week of age (66% increase with respect to 1-day-old animals), after which it remains unchanged; the jejunum shows a progressive increase, and in the ileum this variable shows few changes. The regional comparison of VAF results agrees with the distal reduction previously described for mammalian species (Wood 1944;Pénzes and Skála 1977;Stenling and Helander 1981;Ecknauer et al 1982;Holt et al 1984;Karasov et al 1986;Thomson 1986;Gardner and Steele 1989) and confirms the data of Levin and Mitchell (1984), who have described for the chicken intestine higher values of villus surface in the jejunum than in the ileum. Smith et al (1990) have attributed the smaller development of ileal villus to the lowest luminal concentration of nutrients that reach this intestinal segment.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Mucosal surface area in chicken small intestine during development

Mitjans

Barniol

Ferrer

1997

Cell and Tissue Research

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The mucosal surface area of the chicken duodenum, jejunum, and ileum was determined during development (from 1-day to 12-week-old animals). The morphometric analysis was performed at three magnification levels. The nominal (serosal) surface area was determined at the macroscopic level, from intestinal length and perimeter. Villus and microvillus amplification factors were estimated at light-microscopic and transmission electron-microscopic levels, respectively. The results show, during the period considered: (1) a similar increase in nominal surface area for the three segments (6.5 to 7.2-fold), (2) a rise followed by a slight decrease in the villus amplification factor in the third week of age in the duodenum, a two-fold increase of this variable in the jejunum and no significant developmental variations in the ileum, (3) an increase in the microvillus amplification factor of 1.5-fold in the duodenum and jejunum and of 1.2-fold in the ileum, although a pronounced decrease in the first week of age was observed in the three segments. In conclusion, total mucosal surface area increased, from 1 day to 12 week, 12- to 13-fold in the duodenum and ileum and 20-fold in the jejunum.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Mucosal surface area in chicken small intestine during development

Mitjans

Barniol

Ferrer

1997

Cell and Tissue Research

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“…Increased IP has been observed in association with increased villus height and crypt depth in pigs (Yeruva et al., ), decreased villus height and crypt depth in pigs (Spreeuwenberg, Verdonk, Gaskins, & Verstegen, ) and unaltered intestinal morphology in rats (Hodin et al., ) and humans (Hernandez et al., ). Furthermore, reduced villus area in the jejunum was not correlated with thio‐urea absorption after 3 days of fasting in chickens (Levin & Mitchell, ). This suggests that intestinal morphology may not have a direct influence on IP.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gene expression and morphological changes in the intestinal mucosa associated with increased permeability induced by short‐term fasting in chickens

Gilani

Howarth

Nattrass

et al. 2017

Animal Physiology Nutrition

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Short-term fasting for 4.5 and 9 hr has been demonstrated to increase intestinal permeability (IP) in chickens. This study aimed to investigate the effects of 0, 4.5, 9 and 19.5 hr fasting on intestinal gene expression and villus-crypt architecture of enterocytes in jejunal and ileal samples. On day 38, Ross-308 male birds were fasted according to their group and then euthanised. Two separate intestinal sections (each 2 cm long, jejunum and ileum) were collected. One section was utilised for villus height and crypt depth measurements. The second section was snap-frozen in liquid nitrogen for quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis of tight junction proteins (TJP) including claudin-1, claudin-3, occludin, zonula occludens (ZO-1, ZO-2), junctional adhesion molecules (JAM) and E-cadherin. Additionally genes involved in enterocyte protection including glucagon-like peptide (GLP-2), heat-shock protein (HSP-70), intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), toll-like receptors (TLR-4), mucin (MUC-2), cluster differentiation (CD-36) and fatty acid-binding protein (FABP-6) were also analysed. Normally distributed data were analysed using one-way analysis of variance ANOVA. Other data were analysed by non-parametric one-way ANOVA. Villus height and crypt depth were increased (p < .05) only in the ileum after fasting for 4.5 and 9 hr compared with non-fasting group. mRNA expression of claudin-3 was significantly reduced in the ileum of birds fasted for 9 and 19.5 hr, suggesting a role in IP modulation. However, all other TJP genes examined were not statistically different from control. Nevertheless, ileal FABP-6 of all fasted groups was significantly reduced, which could possibly be due to reduced bile acid production during fasting.

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“…In vitro histologic studies have not demonstrated any change in surface area when the bowel is passively distended (39,40). In vivo, the problems in quantitating surface area has been the subject of extensive discussion (41)(42)(43). Functional chemical markers of absorptive surface area (urea, 3H20, xylose) (7,44) have been used in many perfusion studies, but problems with these markers question their reliability.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Augmentation of neutral sodium chloride absorption by increased flow rate in rat ileum in vivo.

Harris¹,

Dobbins²,

Binder³

1986

J. Clin. Invest.

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Studies in intact animals have shown that intestinal solute absorption is enhanced with increasing flow rates; the mechanism of this phenomenon has not been explored in detail. We used single pass perfusions of rat ileum to study the effect of higher flow rate on electrolyte absorption. Augmenting perfusion rate from 0.5 to 5.0 ml/min resulted in increased rates of sodium (11.0±0.9 vs. 23.5±2.7 jseq/min * g) and chloride (12.1±0.8 vs. These studies demonstrate that neutral sodium chloride absorption is enhanced in rat ileum at higher flow rates, perhaps as a result of a decrease in the thickness of unstirred layers.

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Problems involved in correlating changes of functional diffusive and anatomical surface areas of the upper and lower chicken small intestine during fasting

Cited by 9 publications

References 11 publications

Mucosal surface area in chicken small intestine during development

Mucosal surface area in chicken small intestine during development

Gene expression and morphological changes in the intestinal mucosa associated with increased permeability induced by short‐term fasting in chickens

Augmentation of neutral sodium chloride absorption by increased flow rate in rat ileum in vivo.

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