Problems in the Quaternary Phytogeography of the Great Lakes Region

Cushing, Edward J.

doi:10.1515/9781400876525-024

Cited by 46 publications

(36 citation statements)

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“…Many of them are at localities where proboscidian fossils have been found (Thomas and others, 1952;Skeels, 1962;Drumm, 1963;Forsyth, 1963;Dreimanis, 1968;Churcher and Karrow, 1963;Cleland, 1966). Most bog-lake studies deal mainly with palynology; for instance, the studies by Terasmae (1958Terasmae ( , 1960, Terasmae and Mirynech (1964), Kapp (1964), Gooding and Ogden (1965), Ogden (1965Ogden ( , 1966Ogden ( , 1967Ogden ( , 1969, Cushing (1965), Lewis and others (1966), and Davis (1967). Mollusks are considered by Terasmae (1965) and LaRocque (1966LaRocque ( , 1967LaRocque ( , 1968LaRocque ( , 1970.…”

Section: Paleontologic Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wisconsin Glaciation in the Huron, Erie, and Ontario Lobes

Dreimanis¹,

Goldthwait²

1973

Geological Society of America Memoirs

100

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The names of the Huron, Erie, and Ontario Lobes imply that glaciers followed these lake depressions, but the flow patterns of these lobes were complex and changed several times during the Wisconsin glaciation. The sublobes of the southwestern part of the so-called Erie Lobe were more often an extension of the ice coming down Huron Basin, and ice from both basins participated in these sublobes. A review of the studies of Wisconsin-age deposits in the area of the three lobes indicates the emphasis that has been placed on investigations of tills by multiple methods, on paleontological studies of the interstadial and late-glacial deposits, and on radiocarbon dating. A threefold time-stratigraphic division of the Wisconsin Stage in this area is based upon synchronous fluctuations by several glacial lobes, and upon climatologic inferences from paleontologic studies. Early and late Wisconsin experienced maximum glacial advances; middle Wisconsin was dominated by interstadial retreats.The first Wisconsin glacial advance reached into the St. Lawrence Lowland only, and was followed by a glacial retreat during the St. Pierre Interstade about 65,000 radiocarbon yrs B.P. The second major glacial advance (by several lobes) went farther, but did not reach as 71

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Section: Paleontologic Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wisconsin Glaciation in the Huron, Erie, and Ontario Lobes

Dreimanis¹,

Goldthwait²

1973

Geological Society of America Memoirs

100

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“…For the last 35 yr paleoecologists have accumulated abundant and reliable pollen data (Cushing, 1965;Wright 1968;Grimm, 1984). Yet there are still major questions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Holocene paleoenvironments in southeastern Minnesota – chasing the prairie-forest ecotone

Baker

Bettis

Denniston

et al. 2002

Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology

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This paper uses a multi-proxy approach involving pollen, plant macrofossils, speleothem isotopes, and alluvial history of streams to reconstruct the history of prairie expansion and contraction along the prairie-forest border of southeastern Minnesota, USA. Early Holocene forests were replaced by prairie along this border, but eastward expansion of prairie stalled for 2000 yr when the prairie-forest ecotone stabilized. Prairie invaded the area from the west 8000^9000 yr B.P., but mesic forest remained less than 100 km to the east until about 6000 yr B.P. Changes in N 13 C values in speleothem calcite, that reflect the rise of C 4 grasses, correlate well with the presence of C 4 grass species identified in the plant macrofossil record. Periods of large floods correlate with speleothem evidence of dry summers, increased cool-season precipitation (both resulting in less plant cover to absorb moisture), and change to prairie vegetation. ß

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“…BSP. It has been suggested that these communities represented relics of an earlier boreal vegetation community which dominated the landscape in the early Holocene (Harshberger 1958;Cushing 1965). This origin was also suggested for the "schwingmoor" or floating-mat wetlands which are abundant in kettle holes in the morainic parts of the region.…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

Pre-European settlement conditions and human disturbance of a coniferous swamp in southern Ontario

Bunting¹,

Morgan²,

Bakel³

et al. 1998

Can. J. Bot.

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A vegetation survey at Oil Well Bog, southern Ontario, suggested that the central Picea marianaSphagnum (black spruce swamp) community represented the most mature point in the wetland succession. Pollen analysis of short sediment cores from beneath three major communities in the wetland (black spruce swamp, white pine swamp, and low shrub swamp) showed that the black spruce community only became established in the last 100 years. From around 2000 BP, the wetland was dominated by low shrubs with a tall shrub element. Upland forest composition around the wetland changed around 500 BP, with a decrease in percentages of Fagus and an increase in Pinaceae. At the same time trees colonized parts of the wetland. When the upland forest was cleared by European settlers (ca. AD 1830-1845), low shrub communities reestablished, suggesting that initially the wetland surface became wetter. Over time, the present-day mosaic of swamp types began to develop. The pollen analyses showed that the black spruce swamp is present as a result of changes in the wetland hydrology induced by human activity, and the fragmentary low shrub vegetation community (which contains locally rare plant species) represents a relic of the pre-European settlement wetland community.Résumé : Une étude de la végétation conduite à Oil Well Bog, dans le sud de l'Ontario, suggère que la communauté centrale Picea mariana -Sphagnum (tourbière à épinette noire) représente le climax (most mature point) de la succession de ce milieu humide. L'analyse pollinique de courtes carottes de sédiments prélevées sous les trois pricipales communautés de ce milieu humide (tourbière à épinette noire, tourbière à pin blanc et tourbière arbustive basse) montre que la communauté d'épinette noire n'est venue s'établir qu'au cours des cent dernières années. Depuis environ 2000 AP, ce milieu humide était dominé par des arbustes courts avec un peu d'arbrisseaux plus grands. La composition de la forêt sur les terres plus élevées autour de ce milieu humide a changé il y a environ 500 AP, avec une diminution des pourcentages de Fagus et une augmentation des pinacées. Au même moment les arbres ont colonisé une partie de ces terres humides. (Lorsque la forêt des terres hautes a été éliminée par la colonisation européenne (c. A. D. 1830-1845), les communautés d'arbustes courts se sont réétablies, ce qui suggère qu'au départ la surface de ce milieu humide est devenue encore plus humide. Avec le temps, la mosaïque des types de tourbière qu'on observe aujourd'hui s'est installée. Les analyses polliniques montrent que la tourbière à épinette noire est présente suite aux changements induits par les activités humaines dans l'hydrologie du milieu humide, et que la communauté végétale fragmentaire d'espèces arbustives basses (laquelle contient localement des espèces végétales rares) représente un vestige de la communauté de milieu humide qui existait avant la colonisation par les européens.Mots clés : paléoécologie, développement sur milieu humide, succession d'hydrosérie.

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Problems in the Quaternary Phytogeography of the Great Lakes Region

Cited by 46 publications

References 0 publications

Wisconsin Glaciation in the Huron, Erie, and Ontario Lobes

Wisconsin Glaciation in the Huron, Erie, and Ontario Lobes

Holocene paleoenvironments in southeastern Minnesota – chasing the prairie-forest ecotone

Pre-European settlement conditions and human disturbance of a coniferous swamp in southern Ontario

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