A Response THE ARTICLE prepared for this issue of JAMA by the Cardiology Working Group1 is more evidence from concerned citizens (medical and nonmedical) of the need to explore the issues of and search for solutions to the escalation of health care costs that threaten the solvency of our health care system. The Cardiology Working Group is composed of distinguished individuals from the fields of medicine, law, business, and economics. It is my understanding that this article is a distillation of discussions held by this group over a period of many months. Their concern for the appropriate utilization of "proved effective and beneficial" resources in our medical care system is succinctly articulated. I believe what they are searching for is "value" in health care. Value is a personal measure of benefit, as well as a measure of cost. Value in health is subjective and, in many instances, undefined or unknown. Value varies from one person to another, one age to another, one segment of our society to another, one region to another, and even one country to another. Value relates to outcomes of our diagnostic and therapeutic armamentarium.And outcomes, if understood at all, are not well delineated across the multiple diagnostic and therapeutic options avail¬ able to patients and physicians. Recognition that outcomes are an expression of value, as well as a matter of cost, helps to explain the recent interest in "outcome research" by the federal government, third-party payers, and the medical community.From the