Problems in Gieno-Humeral Surface Replacements—Real or Imagined?

Anatomical Study of the Proximal Humerus: Surgical Technique Considerations and Prosthetic Design Rationale

“…The diameters of curvature measured in this study are similar to those of others studies [9,17,18,31]. However, some previous anthropometric studies of Saha [31], Maki and Gruen [21], Ishibashi et al [18], and Ianotti et al [17] analyzing the humeral head surface with gauge calipers, roentgenograms, or computed tomography have assumed that the central portion of the articular surface of the humeral head is spherical, but that the peripheral dimension of the articular surface is slightly elliptical.…”

“…5, 6) are not in accordance with the conclusions reached by Neer [25], who found little variation in the normal humeral heads, regardless of the size of the patient. In contrast, our anatomical data are similar to those of others [9,17,18,21,30,32] and support the need of a wider variety of sizes of humeral heads, which may explain the recent proliferation of modular prosthesis.…”

“…Although the anterior margin of the cartilage is well demarcated and slightly elevated by a straight bony wall, the posterior margin of the articular surface is V-shaped. However, to date most of the nonconstrained shoulder prosthesis feature humeral components with a spherical head prosthesis [1,7,9,[22][23][24]. The large variations in diameter and thickness of the articular surface of the humeral head (Figs.…”

The Three-Dimensional Geometry of the Proximal Humerus

“…2,7,8 Despite this, few studies have examined the detailed anatomy of the proximal humerus and these have usually focused on its dimensions rather than its three-dimensional geometry. [9][10][11][12][13][14][15] Our experience with shoulder arthroplasty has shown consistent difficulties in recreating the normal anatomy, and we have indicated in a previous cinéradiological study that active elevation of a prosthetic shoulder produces abnormal kinematics. 16 We report a detailed anthropometric study of the geometry of the proximal humerus, suspecting that this may not be as simple as has been previously reported.…”

The Proximal Segment of Humerus in North Indian Population: A Morphometric Study

“…The variations of the anatomy and by moving the instant centres of rotation [9][10][11]. Despite this, few studies have examined the detailed anatomy of the proximal humerus [12][13][14][15][16][17][18].…”