Problems, Control, and Treatment of Fat, Oil, and Grease (FOG): A Review

Husain, Iman A. F.; Al-Khatib, Ma An Fahmi Rashid; Jammi, Mohamed Saedi; Mirghani, Mohamed Elwathig Saeed; Zainudin, Zaki; Hoda, Asif

doi:10.5650/jos.ess13182

Cited by 73 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…FOG is a part of lipids consisting of fatty acids, triacylglycerol, and fat-soluble hydrocarbons (Husain et al, 2014). The FOG content in the batik wastewater was detected at 9,740 mg/L.…”

Section: Effect Of the Technology Combination On Fogmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feasibility of Constructed Wetland Using Coagulation Flocculation Technology in Batik Wastewater Treatment

Rahmadyanti¹

2020

J. Ecol. Eng.

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The batik industry became a double-edged sword for the development of Indonesia. While it plays a significant role in economy, it also contributes to the environmental pollution, which is mostly caused by the lack of appropriate technology for the wastewater treatment in small industries. This study aims at determining the feasibility in combining the coagulation-flocculation technology using Moringa oleifera seeds powder (MOSP) with horizontal subsurface constructed wetland (HSSFCW) in treating the batik wastewater. The results show that combining 750 mg/L MOSP in the coagulation flocculation technology with 5 days retention time on HSSFCW optimally removed 89.33% of the chemical oxygen demand (COD); 98.11% of total suspended solids (TSS); and 92.05% of fat, oil, and grease (FOG). Moreover, it increases the pH conditions up to 7.33. Despite its high removal efficiency, this technology combination is not feasible in the batik wastewater treatment due to inability to meet the standard effluent of the discharged wastewater. Therefore, adding pre-post treatment to this technology implementation is recommended to obtain the standard effluents of wastewater discharged.

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“…FOG is a part of lipids consisting of fatty acids, triacylglycerol, and fat-soluble hydrocarbons (Husain et al, 2014). The FOG content in the batik wastewater was detected at 9,740 mg/L.…”

Section: Effect Of the Technology Combination On Fogmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feasibility of Constructed Wetland Using Coagulation Flocculation Technology in Batik Wastewater Treatment

Rahmadyanti¹

2020

J. Ecol. Eng.

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“…The fat, oil and grease (FOG) problem can be described as the 21st Century's 'perfect storm': an outcome of urbanisation, population and economic growth, the issue is compounded by changing weather patterns causing inundation of the sewerage infrastructure capacity, of which FOG is known to reduce by coating sewer walls with FOG compound [1]- [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fats, Oils and Greases in Effluent Streams From Shopping Centres

Mosholi

Cloete

2018

WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment

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Fats, oils and greases (FOG) are an urban conundrum creating severe problems to municipal sewer infrastructures. FOG emanates from food service establishments or catering operations when cooking with plant or animal based oils or fats. However, its rise to becoming a globally recognised contaminant emanating from kitchen based wastewater is associated with the shift from rural to urbanized lifestyles, and the corresponding changing eating habits of city dwellers. The management, prevention and handling of FOG costs cause an exorbitant burden on municipalities, cities and countries. The scale and severity of FOG contamination has not been previously explored in South Africa. The cumulative effect of urbanisation, large scale shopping centre developments plus a fast-growing local fast food industry supports the view that a FOG problem should exist in shopping centres locally. The study explores this problem within the shopping centre industry by means of comprehensive questionnaires, site visits, telephone interviews, interviews with subject matter experts and online surveys at 38 shopping centres in the Gauteng province in South Africa. An index was developed to measure the number of food service establishments (FSEs) per shopping centre size. The results show that FOG is a real and imminent problem in shopping centres. Of the shopping centres surveyed, 88% confirmed experiencing FOG related problems. Based upon frequency of occurrence of sewer blockages, 12 of the 38 centres were categorised as experiencing severe problems. Five of the shopping centres surveyed installed external grease trap devices. The propensity of FOG deposition in sewer lines is dependent on the strength of the kitchen wastewater or FOG organics loading. The strength of FSE wastewater is affected by the operations and configuration of the catering business. The cuisine type or menu served has the highest impact on FOG loading.

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“…La descarga doméstica de aceites y grasas, además, puede generar una acumulación de estos materiales en tuberías y demás instalaciones de fontanería, con su consecuente obstrucción y la reducción de su capacidad de almacenamiento y transporte (Husain et al, 2014;Metcalf & Eddy Inc. et al, 2013). Sumado a lo anterior, la presencia de lípidos incrementa las tasas de corrosión, la necesidad de limpieza y mantenimiento, y el volumen de residuos sólidos que llegan a las plantas de tratamiento de aguas residuales (Arthur y Blanc, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Clarificación de aceite de cocina usado y decoloración de aceite rojo de palma con el uso de ozono, carbón activado y peróxido de hidrógeno

et al. 2018

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Se evaluaron procesos alternativos para la clarificación de aceite de cocina usado (ACU) y la decoloración de aceite rojo de palma (ARP). La clarificación del ACU se desarrolló en dos etapas, una remoción de sedimentos y una decoloración. En la primera etapa se probaron tres métodos: calentamiento, lavado con salmuera, sedimentación y filtración; solamente sedimentación, y lavado con salmuera, sedimentación y filtración. El tercer método permitió la mayor eliminación de impurezas. Para la segunda etapa se probaron tres métodos: adsorción con carbón activado (CA); ozonización y aplicación de peróxido de hidrógeno. El mejor método fue la ozonización con una dosis de 0,1946 mol O3/L y una temperatura post-tratamiento de 60 ºC; se alcanzó un porcentaje de decoloración de 24,4%. Para el ARP, el mejor tratamiento de decoloración fue la adsorción con carbón activado. La relación de aceite:CA que generó los mejores resultados fue 25:1; se logró una disminución de color del 90,48%. El análisis de los parámetros de calidad medidos en los aceites tratados (índice de acidez, índice de saponificación, color y sólidossuspendidos) determinó que estos podrían ser utilizados como materia prima para la elaboración de jabón.

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Problems, Control, and Treatment of Fat, Oil, and Grease (FOG): A Review

Cited by 73 publications

References 17 publications

Feasibility of Constructed Wetland Using Coagulation Flocculation Technology in Batik Wastewater Treatment

Feasibility of Constructed Wetland Using Coagulation Flocculation Technology in Batik Wastewater Treatment

Fats, Oils and Greases in Effluent Streams From Shopping Centres

Clarificación de aceite de cocina usado y decoloración de aceite rojo de palma con el uso de ozono, carbón activado y peróxido de hidrógeno

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