Problems and perspectives in weed management

Abstract

Despite the wide use of herbicides in the past century, their use is decreasing due to rising resistance phenomena, absence of discovery of new modes of actions and more regulatory restrictions. On the other hand, several tactics and technologies have developed recently providing alternatives from mechanical, cultural, robotic and natural products use perspectives, that could profitably enhance weed management within the agroecosystem and usher in a new paradigm of weed management that integrates chemical and non-chemical weed management practices.
 In the next future, herbicide will remain an important tool for weed management and will be increasingly complemented by other innovative tactics and tools in a IWM perspective. This integrated approach would thus preserve the chemical and transgenic technology for future generations.

Weeding Effectiveness and Changes in Soil Physical Properties Using Inter-Row Hoeing and a Robot

“…The majority of farms in Europe opt for traditional weed control, i.e., chemical weed control using herbicides [15], as it is cheap and efficient compared to mechanical weeding [3,16]. However, the spread of herbicide-resistant weed populations, the negative side-effects of herbicides on the environment, ground and surface water, biodiversity, human health and safety, and residues in the food chain [3], as well as the regulation of herbicides in the European Union, limit the use of herbicides [15][16][17] while at the same time increasing interest in nonchemical weed control methods in both ecological [18] and conventional farming systems [19,20]. Mechanical weed control methods are an effective alternative to chemical weed control [5,[21][22][23][24].…”

Weed Management in Wheat: A Review

“…Tillage practices also help to bury the weed seeds in the deeper soil layers which reduce the weed seeds in the upper soil layers (Shivran et al, 2020). But, advancement of synthetic carbon based herbicides resulted in a reduction in the frequency of intensive tillage practices and led to zero tillage (Loddo et al, 2021).…”

“…Manual weeding is effective but there is an involvement of large amount of manpower, it is more time consuming and one of the old practice too. As various weeds are similar in morphology to the crop such as wild oats and Phalaris minor, it becomes very difficult to do mechanical weed control before flowering stages (Loddo et al, 2021). Chemical control for eradicating the weeds is best because it has good efficiency and also it is cost effective and requires less time as compared to other methods.…”

“…Furthermore, the herbicides which are applied as foliar spray, their efficacy can be increased by decreasing volume of herbicide per spray (www.bluerivertechnology.com). Application of herbicides in the form of very small droplets as compared to larger droplets is more dangerous because smaller droplets have faster translocation and greater coverage (Loddo et al, 2021).…”

Propagation and shelf-life of weed pathogenic fungi in alternative media and their effectiveness in billygoat (Ageratum conyzoides L)

“…Many billygoat weed management has been carried out, either manually, mechanically, or chemically using herbicides. Manual weed management is ineffective when applied to large areas, while mechanical weed management requires a lot of money (Loddo et al, 2021). Herbicides are widely applied to manage weeds because of their practicality, time saving, and ease of application (Singh et al, 2020), but the negative impacts of using herbicides occur in the agricultural world, especially in post-harvest products (van Bruggen et al, 2021).…”