Problematic of Drinking Water Access in Rural Area: Case Study of the Sourou Valley in Burkina Faso

Abstract

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;"> <span lang="EN-US">Safe drinking water access for rural populations in developing countries remains a challenge for a sustainable development.</span><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span lang="EN-US">The study aims to investigate the drinking water quality and the factors affecting this quality in the Sourou valley in <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Burkina Faso</st1:place></st1:country-region>. A total of 135 water samples were collected in sterile glass bottles during the dry seasons 2007, 2008, and 2012 from 10 drillings and 5 wells.</span><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span lang="EN-US">Fifteen physicochemical parameters and two fecal pollution indicators (<i>Escherichia coli</i> and fecal Coliforms) were monitored based on laboratory standard methods. Data</span><span lang="EN-US">s</span><span lang="EN-US"> were analyzed, using the Student t’ test and XLSTAT <st1:chsdate isrocdate="False" islunardate="False" day="30" month="12" year="1899" w:st="on">7.5.2</st1:chsdate> statistical software. From results obtained, water quality was related to water source and sampling period as well (p</span><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span lang="EN-US"><</span><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span lang="EN-US">0.0001). 30% of drillings provided water with nitrates concentration over the World Health Organization (WHO) guideline value. High turbidity was also observed for some drillings. Moreover, 90% of drillings showed water total hardness largely over the WHO threshold value. Water from drillings were exempt of fecal pollution, contrasting with the wells one which appeared uniformly polluted with concentrations exceeding sometimes 10³ and 10⁴ CFU/100 ml for <i>E. coli</i> and fecal Coliforms, respectively. Field investigations showed a preference of wells as drinking water source, and that appeared related to the lack of self-management of drillings and to cultural considerations. Overall, this study highlighted that a regular survey of water quality, management of protection zones around drinking water sources, sensitization on water resources self-management, hygiene and health issues, and providing appropriate household disinfection methods could help advancing to reach an effective safe drinking water access for rural populations in the country.</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span> </p

Effectiveness of &lt;i&gt;Moringa oleifera&lt;/i&gt; Defatted Cake versus Seed in the Treatment of Unsafe Drinking Water: Case Study of Surface and Well Waters in Burkina Faso

“…Two water sources located in the zone covered the Contract of Sourou River within the Sourou valley [14,15] namely Gana River and Boaré modern well (Figures 1 and 2) and 3 dams' water reservoirs in the urban and periurban zones of Ouagadougou, namely Ouaga 3, Loumbila, and Ziga (Figure 1) were selected for the study. The Sourou valley is located in the North-West of Burkina Faso, in the area of the Mouhoun loop and constitutes an important agrarian production zone benefitting the whole country [8].…”

Microbial Quality of Wastewater Used in Urban Truck Farming and Health Risks Issues in Developing Countries: Case Study of Ouagadougou in Burkina Faso

“…At the wastewater treatment plants, sampling was performed similarly in the anaerobic and maturation ponds and in the discharge pond/canal as well. Samples were collected aseptically in quadruplicate into sterile glass bottles at the field as describes previously [26]. A total of 56 samples including the ones of water treatment plants were taken and analyzed during the dry-hot period for which water demand and pressure on water sources were particularly high, while 20 samples focusing mainly dam and canal waters were investigated during the wet period.…”

Analyses électrochimiques des eaux de pluie provoquées: cas du Burkina Faso

“…Les échantillons prélevés, soigneusement étiquetés et conservés à 5 °C dans des glacières sont ensuite transportés au laboratoire pour les autres analyses électrochimiques. Ces échantillons ont été protégés contre les rayonnements solaires durant le transport (Altaher et al, 2011;Savadogo et al, 2013) pour éviter toute décomposition anaérobie.…”