Problematic Groups of Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria and Their Resistance Mechanisms

Kohler, Verena; Vaishampayan, Ankita; Grohmann, Elisabeth

doi:10.1007/978-981-13-9871-1_2

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 299 publications

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“…Antimicrobial resistance has evolved as one of the most severe public health challenges of the 21st century, threatening efficient prevention and treatment of microbial infections that are no longer sensitive to most conventional antibiotics [ 1 , 2 ]. Over the years, multidrug-resistant microorganisms (MRM) have developed a varying degree of resistance to each new antibiotic released into the market, with various accompanying dire consequences [ 3 , 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Redox Impact on Bacterial Macromolecule: A Promising Avenue for Discovery and Development of Novel Antibacterials

Aribisala

Sabiu

2022

Biomolecules

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Antibiotic resistance in bacteria has remained a serious public health concern, resulting in substantial deaths and morbidity each year. Factors such as mutation and abuse of currently available antibiotics have contributed to the bulk of the menace. Hence, the introduction and implementation of new therapeutic strategies are imperative. Of these strategies, data supporting the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in bacterial lethality are intriguing, with several antimicrobials, including antibiotics such as fluoroquinolones, β-lactams, and aminoglycosides, as well as natural plant compounds, being remarkably implicated. Following treatment with ROS-inducing antimicrobials, ROS such as O2•−, •OH, and H2O2 generated in bacteria, which the organism is unable to detoxify, damage cellular macromolecules such as proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids and results in cell death. Despite the unique mechanism of action of ROS-inducing antibacterials and significant studies on ROS-mediated means of bacterial killing, the field remains a topical one, with contradicting viewpoints that require frequent review. Here, we appraised the antibacterial agents (antibiotics, natural and synthetic compounds) implicated in ROS generation and the safety concerns associated with their usage. Further, background information on the sources and types of ROS in bacteria, the mechanism of bacterial lethality via oxidative stress, as well as viewpoints on the ROS hypothesis undermining and solidifying this concept are discussed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Redox Impact on Bacterial Macromolecule: A Promising Avenue for Discovery and Development of Novel Antibacterials

Aribisala

Sabiu

2022

Biomolecules

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“…Salmonella spp. responsible for diseases like bacteremia, gastroenteritis, paratyphoid and typhoid have become fluoroquinolone-resistant [38]. Infections like pneumonia, tuberculosis and gonorrhoea become challenging to cure since medications are becoming less effective towards these diseases because of their increased resistance of bacteria.…”

Section: Amr-a Global Threatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in the Development of Antibiotics-Coated Gold Nanoparticles to Combat Antimicrobial Resistance

Sarma,

Rai,

Baruah

2024

Antibiotics

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Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has become an alarming threat to the successful treatment of rapidly growing bacterial infections due to the abuse and misuse of antibiotics. Traditional antibiotics bear many limitations, including restricted bioavailability, inadequate penetration and the emergence of antimicrobial-resistant microorganisms. Recent advances in nanotechnology for the introduction of nanoparticles with fascinating physicochemical characteristics have been predicted as an innovative means of defence against antimicrobial-resistant diseases. The use of nanoparticles provides several benefits, including improved tissue targeting, better solubility, improved stability, enhanced epithelial permeability and causes minimal side effects. However, except for gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), the biological safety of the majority of metal nanoparticles remains a serious problem. AuNPs appear to be promising for drug delivery and medicinal applications because of their minimal toxicity, biocompatibility, functional flexibility, chemical stability and versatile biological activities, such as their antiviral, antifungal, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties. Hence, we are focusing on the gold nanoparticles possessing antimicrobial activity in this article. This review will cover recent strategies in the preparation of gold nanoparticles, with special emphasis placed on antibiotics-coated AuNPs with enhanced antimicrobial properties and how they fight against disease-causing bacteria and eradicate biofilms, along with their activities and physicochemical properties.

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“…Antibiotics are used in large quantities in healthcare to treat and even to prevent bacterial infections. However, excessive use of antibiotics has led to the increased development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria [1][2][3]. An increase in antibiotic resistance and its dissemination in hospital and community settings have raised the load on human health.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobials Functioning through ROS-Mediated Mechanisms: Current Insights

Vaishampayan

Grohmann

2021

Microorganisms

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Antibiotic resistance and infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria are global health concerns. Reducing the overuse and misuse of antibiotics is the primary step toward minimizing the antibiotic resistance crisis. Thus, it is imperative to introduce and implement novel antimicrobial strategies. Recently, several alternative antimicrobials targeting oxidative stress in bacteria have been studied and shown to be promising. Oxidative stress occurs when bacterial cells fail to detoxify the excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulated in the cells. Bacteria deploy numerous defense mechanisms against oxidative stress. The oxidative stress response is not essential for the normal growth of bacteria, but it is crucial for their survival. This toxic oxidative stress is created by the host immune response or antimicrobials generating ROS. ROS possess strong oxidation potential and cause serious damage to nucleic acids, lipids, and proteins. Since ROS-based antimicrobials target multiple sites in bacteria, these antimicrobials have attracted the attention of several researchers. In this review, we present recent ROS-based alternative antimicrobials and strategies targeting oxidative stress which might help in mitigating the problem of antibiotic resistance and dissemination.

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Problematic Groups of Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria and Their Resistance Mechanisms

Cited by 4 publications

References 299 publications

Redox Impact on Bacterial Macromolecule: A Promising Avenue for Discovery and Development of Novel Antibacterials

Redox Impact on Bacterial Macromolecule: A Promising Avenue for Discovery and Development of Novel Antibacterials

Recent Advances in the Development of Antibiotics-Coated Gold Nanoparticles to Combat Antimicrobial Resistance

Antimicrobials Functioning through ROS-Mediated Mechanisms: Current Insights

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