Problem of Pin Breakage in Equine Transfixation Pin Casting: Biomechanical Ex Vivo Testing of Four Different Pins

Keller, Sara A.; Valet, Sebastian; Martens, Ann; Weisse, Bernhard; Fürst, Anton; Kümmerle, Jan M

doi:10.1055/s-0039-1678734

Cited by 3 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 17 publications

(25 reference statements)

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“…The implemented test set-up was according to the previously reported study. 9 The utilization and direct comparison of contralateral bones allowed a reduction in possible confounding variables with regard to the bone diameter, density and structure between different individuals. However, the use of cadaveric bone has some limitations affecting the clinical application of the results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The mode of failure was comparable to that reported previously. 9 One pin failed only medially and showed no sign of pin failure laterally. One pin failed only medially but showed pin bending and a crack laterally.…”

Section: Biomechanical Main Studymentioning

confidence: 93%

“…The test set-up was as reported recently. 9 In brief, five markers were attached to each specimen to allow monitoring of the pin position in relation to the bone using a camera (Monochrome 1928 Â 1448 Pixel, GS3-U3-28S4M-C 1/1,8" Grasshopper USB 3.0 camera, mounted with a AF NIKKOR f ¼ 35-105 mm lens Nikon Japan, analysis with MatroxTM Image Design Assistant, St. Regis Blvd. Dorval, Quebec, Canada).…”

Section: Biomechanical Main Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Three pairs of metacarpi prepared with one transfixation pin each, as described above, were incorporated into a fibreglass cast as it is done in transfixation pin casting and reported previously in a pilot study. 9 The distance of 10 or 20 mm, respectively, from bone to cast was measured and marked bilaterally on the pin. Synthetic padding (Soffban synthetic; BSN medical GmbH, Hamburg, Germany) and elastic fixation bandage (Elastomull, BSN medical GmbH, Hamburg, Germany) were then applied around the bones up to the marks.…”

Section: Validation Study With Fibreglass Castmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1][2][3][6][7][8] Pin breakage is reported sporadically in the literature, as pins may be removed or replaced, and its incidence is probably underestimated. [7][8][9][10] The overall stability of any external fixator depends on its weakest component, which is reported as the pin-bone interface. 3,11 Stresses arising inside the pin at the pinbone interface originate from the bending moment (M 0 ) of the pin and pin deformation, where 92% of the total stresses are attributable to the bending moment 12 (►Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effect of Reducing the Bone to Cast Distance in an Equine Transfixation Pin Cast: An Ex Vivo Biomechanical Study

Bernath

Valet

Rossignol³

et al. 2021

Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol

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Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of reducing the bone to cast distance on the resistance of the pin to cyclic loading in equine transfixation pin casts. Study Design Eleven pairs of cadaveric equine third metacarpal bones were prepared and one 6.3/8.0 mm transfixation pin was placed in standard fashion 10 mm proximal to the distal physeal scar into each bone. One metacarpus of each pair was tested with a distance of 10 mm (10 mm group) and the contralateral metacarpus with a distance of 20 mm (20 mm group) between the outer cortex of the bone and the fixation of the pin. Eight pairs were tested using a simplified test set-up in which the pins were fastened at both ends to polyoxymethylene-copolymer sleeves. The pins of the remaining three pairs of bones were incorporated into a fibreglass cast. All specimens were tested under cyclic loading until failure of the pin in axial compression. Results All pins failed uni- or bilaterally at clinically relevant load levels. Pins of the 10 mm group endured significantly (p < 0.05) higher load levels and total number of cycles until failure compared with the pins of the 20 mm group. Conclusion The distance between the bone surface and the cast at the location of pin insertion has a significant effect on resistance of the pins to cyclic loading. Therefore, the amount of padding applied underneath an equine transfixation pin cast can have an influence on the overall stability and durability of the construct.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Biomechanical Main Studymentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Biomechanical Main Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Validation Study With Fibreglass Castmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effect of Reducing the Bone to Cast Distance in an Equine Transfixation Pin Cast: An Ex Vivo Biomechanical Study

Bernath

Valet

Rossignol³

et al. 2021

Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol

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External Coaptation

Wright¹

2022

Fractures in the Horse

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Designing of double-threaded intramedullary pin and evaluation of ex vivo biomechanical resistance to axial compression load on the canine long bone fracture gap model

Vora

Kumar

Kaur

2022

Indian J of Anim Sci

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Intramedullary (IM) pinning is a biological method of fracture fixation; but is associated with complications ofpin migration, proximal fragment collapse and rotational instability. The study aimed to design double threaded(DT) IM pin and evaluated its biomechanical resistance to axial compression load in comparison to end-threaded(ET) and simple Steinman (SS) IM pin on the canine long bone fracture gap model. The DT IM pin was designedconsidering various morphometric measurements (17 femur and 8 tibia bones) on lateral radiographs of the routinely done healthy dogs. For ex vivo biomechanical study, a distal third fracture was created in the 17 (8 femoral, 9 tibial) canine cadaveric bones. A normograde IM pinning using SS, ET and DT was done keeping atleast 10 mm gap at the fracture site (fracture gap-model). A pin occupying 60-70% of the narrowest medullary canal was used for ETand DT, and >80% for SS models. The bone-implant constructs were subjected to axial compression load (N) till5 mm displacement of the proximal bone fragment or till dislodgement of the implant using 0.5 mm/min velocity ona servo-hydraulic testing machine. The magnitude of the axial compression load/mm displacement was influencedby the bone (femur vs tibia) and implant types. In femur, the DT pins sustained higher compression loads followedby SS and ET. However, for tibia, the load required was highest with DT followed by ET and SS pin. The studyreports the first of its kind indigenously designed biomechanically superior double threaded pin for the canine longbone fracture fixation

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Problem of Pin Breakage in Equine Transfixation Pin Casting: Biomechanical Ex Vivo Testing of Four Different Pins

Cited by 3 publications

References 17 publications

The Effect of Reducing the Bone to Cast Distance in an Equine Transfixation Pin Cast: An Ex Vivo Biomechanical Study

The Effect of Reducing the Bone to Cast Distance in an Equine Transfixation Pin Cast: An Ex Vivo Biomechanical Study

External Coaptation

Designing of double-threaded intramedullary pin and evaluation of ex vivo biomechanical resistance to axial compression load on the canine long bone fracture gap model

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