Problem gambling among homeless clinic attenders

Machart, Toby; Cooper, Lucy; Jones, Naomi; Nielssen, Amelia; Doughty, Erin; Staples, Lauren G.; Nielssen, Olav

doi:10.1177/1039856219889312

Cited by 7 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 10 publications

(12 reference statements)

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“…Studies with higher methodological quality provided significantly lower prevalence estimates (13.4% (95% CI 9.0-18.5%)). These results are in line with primary studies focussing on prevalence of PG/GD in the broader context of marginalized housing, which reported prevalence rates of 17% within users of community services in Canada (Lepage et al, 2000), 6% within clients of a Boston-based support program for homeless people with a history of substance abuse (Shaffer et al, 2002) and 12% within patients of mental health services linked to homeless hostels in Sydney (Machart et al, 2020).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…First, PG/GD might negatively impact housing stability. It has been frequently reported as a key contributing factor to individuals' pathways into homelessness (Crane et al, 2005;Laere et al, 2009;Machart et al, 2020), at least partially through financial problems and social isolation (Holdsworth & Tiyce, 2013;Sharman & D'Ardenne, 2018). Second, homelessness might reversely be a factor contributing to or at least maintaining PG/GD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Prevalence of Problem Gambling and Gambling Disorder Among Homeless People: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis

et al. 2022

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Gambling problems are often associated with homelessness and linked to elevated psychiatric morbidity and homelessness chronicity. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis on prevalence rates of problem gambling (PG) and gambling disorder (GD) in homeless people. Following PRISMA guidelines, we searched databases Medline, Embase and PsycINFO from inception of databases to 4th may 2021. We included studies reporting prevalence estimates on clinical gambling problems in representative samples of homeless people based on standardized diagnostics. Risk of bias was assessed. A random effects meta-analysis was performed, and subgroup analyses based on methodological characteristics of primary studies were conducted. We identified eight studies from five countries, reporting information on 1938 participants. Prevalence rates of clinically significant PG and GD ranged from 11.3 to 31.3%. There was evidence for substantial heterogeneity with I2 = 86% (95% CI 63–97%). A subgroup of four low risk of bias studies displayed a significantly lower results ranging from 11.3 to 23.6%. Additionally, high rates of subclinical problem gambling were reported (11.6–56.4%). At least one in ten homeless persons experiences clinically significant PG or GD. Social support and health care services for the homeless should address this problem by implementing models for early detection and treatment.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Prevalence of Problem Gambling and Gambling Disorder Among Homeless People: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis

et al. 2022

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“…Eligibility was assessed for 172 full-text articles, of which 14 nonoverlapping studies met the predefined inclusion criteria (Figure 1). [60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70][71][72][73] Two of these studies were excluded from the quantitative synthesis; a study by André et al, 60 which reported a PBG prevalence of 100% in a sample consisting of only one individual with a psychotic disorder, while a study by Bland et al, 63 which reported a PBG prevalence of 0% in 50 individuals with psychotic disorders, was the only study to use a survey conducted in a general population sample and was therefore excluded due to a distinct methodology as well as a high risk of bias assessment. A sensitivity analysis including these two studies was nevertheless performed.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Five studies (41.7%) used the PGSI, four of which used the 8+ threshold for PBG and one used the 3+ threshold for at‐risk gambling, two studies (16.7%) used the NODS, both with the 5+ threshold for PBG, and one study (8.3%) employed the SOGS with the 5+ threshold for PBG. Two studies did not use any validated assessment tool; patients who reported being homeless because of gambling were classified as having PBG in a cross‐sectional study of homeless clinic attendees, 71 while PBG was defined as repeated gambling with disproportionate spending in a retrospective cohort chart review 73 . One study reported a lifetime prevalence of PBG, two studies did not specify any assessment time frame, and all other studies reported current/past‐year prevalences.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Problem gambling in psychotic disorders: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of prevalence

Corbeil,

Anderson,

Béchard

et al. 2024

Acta Psychiatr Scand

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IntroductionProblem gambling (PBG) is more common in people with mental health disorders, including substance use, bipolar, and personality disorders, than in the general population. Although individuals with psychotic disorders might be expected to be more vulnerable to PBG, fewer studies have focused on this comorbidity. The aim of this review was to estimate the prevalence of PBG in people with psychotic disorders.MethodsMedline (Ovid), EMBASE, PsycINFO (Ovid), CINAHL, CENTRAL, Web of science, and ProQuest were searched on November 1, 2023, without language restrictions. Observational and experimental studies including individuals with psychotic disorders and reporting the prevalence of PBG were included. Risk of bias was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal for systematic reviews of prevalence data. The pooled prevalence of PBG was calculated using a fixed effects generalized linear mixed model and presented through forest plots.ResultsOf 1271 records screened, 12 studies (n = 3443) were included. The overall prevalence of PBG was 8.7% (95% CI = 7.8%–9.7%, I2 = 69%). A lower prevalence was found in studies with a low risk of bias (5.6%; 95% CI = 4.4%–7.0%) compared with studies with a moderate risk of bias (10.4%; 95% CI = 9.2%–11.7%). Different methods used to assess PBG also contributed to the heterogeneity found.ConclusionThis meta‐analysis found substantial heterogeneity, partly due to the risk of bias of the included studies and a lack of uniformity in PBG assessment. Although more research is needed to identify those at increased risk for PBG, its relatively high prevalence warrants routine screening for gambling in clinical practice.

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“…Australians have the highest rate of gambling losses per capita in the world. Gambling provides 11% of the state taxation revenue, the largest share of which comes from poker machines 3 . A World Health Organisation (WHO) report 4 on gambling disorder released in 2017 states that the burden of gambling in Australia and New Zealand “is similar to that for major depressive disorder and alcohol misuse and dependence, 2.5 times more than that of diabetes, and 3 times more than drug use disorder”.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disordered gambling among people with psychotic disorders: a systematic review

Sankaranarayanan,

Ramanathan,

Mathew

et al. 2024

Schizophr

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Disorders of gambling are more common among the mentally ill, including in people with psychotic disorders. The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review of the literature regarding the prevalence and correlates of gambling disorders in people with psychotic disorders. We systematically reviewed English-language literature through searches of six bibliographic databases, all run on 11 November 2022: Medline ALL, Embase, Emcare, APA PsycINFO, CINAHL and the Cochrane Library. Observational studies that reported the prevalence of gambling in psychotic disorders or psychosis among gamblers were included. Studies were critically appraised using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tools. Sixteen studies, including 1,116,103 participants, from across a range of settings, were included. Most studies were done on males and recruited participants with a mean age of 40 years. Most of the studies (n = 12) were cross-sectional, and the remaining were case control in design. Most of the studies rated fair in quality. The prevalence of gambling among psychotic population ranged from 0.32 to 19.3%, with the majority of the studies reporting rates between 6.4 and 17%. The rates were 5–25 times higher than in the general population. While there were no consistent associations found with socio-demographic indices, several studies reported an association between gambling behaviours and substance use disorder among those with psychotic illnesses. Our research suggests that clinicians should assess for comorbid gambling among those with psychotic illness, particularly in those with mood symptoms, impulsivity, and substance use disorders. Gambling can negatively impact on their financial and social situations. Future research should study specific strategies or therapies among those with comorbid gambling and psychotic disorders.

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Problem gambling among homeless clinic attenders

Cited by 7 publications

References 10 publications

The Prevalence of Problem Gambling and Gambling Disorder Among Homeless People: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis

The Prevalence of Problem Gambling and Gambling Disorder Among Homeless People: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis

Problem gambling in psychotic disorders: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of prevalence

Disordered gambling among people with psychotic disorders: a systematic review

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