Probiotics use in intensive fish farming

Abstract

The use of probiotics in feed for fish and its inclusion in intensive aquaculture to promote healthy gut is growing. The need for alternative measures that will perform closely and effectively to the use of antibiotics after its annulment in European Union (EU) in 2006 is an issue which call for concern. Several definitions of probiotics mainly for aquaculture were also dig out from published papers. Among them is a definition considered appropriate for aquaculture which is described as" any microbial cell provided via the diet or rearing water that benefits the host fish, fish farmer or fish consumer, which is achieved, in part at least, by improving the microbial balance of the fish". In this context, they regard direct benefits to the host as immuno-stimulants, improved disease resistance, reduced stress response, improved gastro intestinal morphology and benefits to the fish farmer or consumer. The benefits to the fish farmer and consumers includes improved fish appetite, growth performance, feed utilization, improvement of carcass quality, flesh quality and reduced malformations. The mode of action with benefits of probiotics in aquaculture from published journals was also looked into. The use of probiotics is growing especially as new strains were being discovered that can withstand processing stress in feed manufacturing. But process optimization knowledge to effectively work with these additives is insufficient. Combination of strain isolated from the gastro-intestinal (GI) tracts of host animal had also being proving to be effective. Need to find proper parameters to work with probiotics will be of great importance to the feed industry in the near future and the stability of the strains of probiotics as a synbiotic relation with prebiotics. Examples and effects of known strains were also stated and the future perspective of probiotics for fish.

Effect of probiotic (Poultrystar®) and heat stress on some blood parameters in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)

“…The improvement of hematological parameters (hemoglobin, PCV, and stress index) in the second and third experiment compared with those results in the first experiment could be due to the effect of probiotics it was used for contribute the health or the well-being by stimulating the immunity and improving disease resistance in fish, allowing the fish to utilize metabolic energy to fight the effect of environment stress (25), and as the Poultrystar ® consist of harmless microorganism cells in this content they regard direct benefits to the host as immunostimulants (26), and our results are agreement with (16) who pointed that probiotics improved the blood picture of common carp when fed on a meal containing Poultrystar ® of (1g/ kg body weight).…”

Food Determines Ephemerous and Non-Stable Gut Microbiome Communities in Juvenile Wild and Farmed Mediterranean Fish

“…The important abundance of lactobacilli in the farmed fish gut may certainly promote benefits for the fish during transit through the digestive system, which is a process that has been previously studied (e.g. Carnevali et al, 2004;Ige, 2013;Rimoldi et al, 2020a).…”

Modeling the effect of probiotics on tilapia lake virus (TiLV)-infected farmed tilapia

“…are very effective against infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) (Sahu et al, 2008). Other beneficiary effects of probiotics to both farmers and consumers include production rate, flesh/carcass quality, protein quantity, intestinal health, and reduced malformations (Ige, 2013). Taken together, the multiple advantages of probiotic use have made it as a great alternative for growth promoters, antimicrobial drugs, pesticides, or disinfectants for aquaculture disease prevention (Pandiyan et al, 2013).…”