Probiotics treatment improves cognitive impairment in patients and animals: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Lv, Tingting; Ye, Mengfei; Luo, Fangyi; Hu, Bin; Wang, Anzhe; Chen, Jiaqi; Yan, Junwei; He, Ziyi; Chen, Feng; Qian, Chao; Zhang, Jian; Liu, Zheng; Ding, Zhinan

doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.10.027

Cited by 38 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…It is possible that the alterations in microbiota and brain function caused by antibiotics are related. In fact, treatments with probiotics and prebiotics are able to restore cognitive and behavioral deficits in rodents and humans [ 63 , 64 ]. A metabolomics study in rats exposed to penicillin demonstrated not only changes in the gut microbiome composition, but also a decrease in vitamins, bile acids and conjugated urinary metabolites, suggesting that absorption of drugs may be affected by variation in the gut microbiome [ 65 ].…”

Section: External Agents Modifying Microbiota In Epilepsymentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidences for a Role of Gut Microbiota in Pathogenesis and Management of Epilepsy

Amlerová

Šroubek

Angelucci

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Epilepsy as a chronic neurological disorder is characterized by recurrent, unprovoked epileptic seizures. In about half of the people who suffer from epilepsy, the root cause of the disorder is unknown. In the other cases, different factors can cause the onset of epilepsy. In recent years, the role of gut microbiota has been recognized in many neurological disorders, including epilepsy. These data are based on studies of the gut microbiota–brain axis, a relationship starting by a dysbiosis followed by an alteration of brain functions. Interestingly, epileptic patients may show signs of dysbiosis, therefore the normalization of the gut microbiota may lead to improvement of epilepsy and to greater efficacy of anticonvulsant drugs. In this descriptive review, we analyze the evidences for the role of gut microbiota in epilepsy and hypothesize a mechanism of action of these microorganisms in the pathogenesis and treatment of the disease. Human studies revealed an increased prevalence of Firmicutes in patients with refractory epilepsy. Exposure to various compounds can change microbiota composition, decreasing or exacerbating epileptic seizures. These include antibiotics, epileptic drugs, probiotics and ketogenic diet. Finally, we hypothesize that physical activity may play a role in epilepsy through the modulation of the gut microbiota.

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Section: External Agents Modifying Microbiota In Epilepsymentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidences for a Role of Gut Microbiota in Pathogenesis and Management of Epilepsy

Amlerová

Šroubek

Angelucci

et al. 2021

IJMS

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“…Psychobiotics are probiotic strains that have shown behavioral effects in preclinical models, are able to promote the production of neuroactive substances such as gamma-aminobutyric acid and serotonin involved in the gut-brain axis, and have a capacity to decrease proinflammatory cytokines and reduce the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) activity. Further research is warranted to expand the investigation of the benefits of psychobiotics within human preterm population as having a significant impact on cognition (Lv et al, 2021).…”

Section: Probiotic Therapy During Pregnancy or For Infant Nutritionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In pregnant women, galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS)/fructooligosaccharides (FOS) supplementation significantly increased fecal bifidobacterial levels, with potential benefits for the transmission of beneficial bacteria to their infant during the birth process (Firmansyah et al, 2016;Lv et al, 2021). The main prebiotics used in infant formula are short-chain GOS, long-chain FOS and polydextrose (PDX).…”

Section: Microbiota Regulation Through Prebioticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Insights Into Microbiota Modulation-Based Nutritional Interventions for Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Preterm Infants

et al. 2021

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Gut microbiota and the central nervous system have parallel developmental windows during pre and post-natal life. Increasing evidences suggest that intestinal dysbiosis in preterm infants predisposes the neonate to adverse neurological outcomes later in life. Understanding the link between gut microbiota colonization and brain development to tailor therapies aimed at optimizing initial colonization and microbiota development are promising strategies to warrant adequate brain development and enhance neurological outcomes in preterm infants. Breast-feeding has been associated with both adequate cognitive development and healthy microbiota in preterms. Infant formula are industrially produced substitutes for infant nutrition that do not completely recapitulate breast-feeding benefices and could be largely improved by the understanding of the role of breast milk components upon gut microbiota. In this review, we will first discuss the nutritional and bioactive component information on breast milk composition and its contribution to the assembly of the neonatal gut microbiota in preterms. We will then discuss the emerging pathways connecting the gut microbiota and brain development. Finally, we will discuss the promising microbiota modulation-based nutritional interventions (including probiotic and prebiotic supplementation of infant formula and maternal nutrition) for improving neurodevelopmental outcomes.

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“…A metaanalysis of probiotic studies in MCI and AD by Den et al (2020) showed improved cognitive performance [85]. When examining studies of human subjects, another meta-analysis found that probiotic supplements improved cognitive function in cognitively impaired individuals but not on healthy subjects [86].…”

Section: Neurocognitive Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial Therapeutics in Neurocognitive and Psychiatric Disorders

Alagiakrishnan

Halverson

2021

J Clin Med Res

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Microbial therapeutics, which include gut biotics and fecal transplantation, are interventions designed to improve the gut microbiome. Gut biotics can be considered as the administration of direct microbial populations. The delivery of this can be done through live microbial flora, certain food like fiber, microbial products (metabolites and elements) obtained through the fermentation of food products, or as genetically engineered substances, that may have therapeutic benefit on different health disorders. Dietary intervention and pharmacological supplements with gut biotics aim at correcting disruption of the gut microbiota by repopulating with beneficial microorganism leading to decrease in gut permeability, inflammation, and alteration in metabolic activities, through a variety of mechanisms of action. Our understanding of the pharmacokinetics of microbial therapeutics has improved with in vitro models, sampling techniques in the gut, and tools for the reliable identification of gut biotics. Evidence from human studies points out that prebiotics, probiotics and synbiotics have the potential for treating and preventing mental health disorders, whereas with paraprobiotics, proteobiotics and postbiotics, the research is limited at this point. Some animal studies point out that gut biotics can be used with conventional treatments for a synergistic effect on mental health disorders. If future research shows that there is a possibility of synergistic effect of psychotropic medications with gut biotics, then a gut biotic or nutritional prescription can be given along with psychotropics. Even though the overall safety of gut biotics seems to be good, caution is needed to watch for any known and unknown side effects as well as the need for risk benefit analysis with certain vulnerable populations. Future research is needed before wide spread use of natural and genetically engineered gut biotics. Regulatory framework for gut biotics needs to be optimized. Holistic understanding of gut dysbiosis, along with life style factors, by health care providers is necessary for the better management of these conditions.In conclusion, microbial therapeutics are a new psychotherapeutic approach which offer some hope in certain conditions like dementia and depression. Future of microbial therapeutics will be driven by welldone randomized controlled trials and longitudinal research, as well as by replication studies in human subjects.

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Probiotics treatment improves cognitive impairment in patients and animals: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Cited by 38 publications

References 57 publications

Evidences for a Role of Gut Microbiota in Pathogenesis and Management of Epilepsy

Evidences for a Role of Gut Microbiota in Pathogenesis and Management of Epilepsy

New Insights Into Microbiota Modulation-Based Nutritional Interventions for Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Preterm Infants

Microbial Therapeutics in Neurocognitive and Psychiatric Disorders

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