Probiotics supplementation improves hyperglycemia, hypercholesterolemia, and hypertension in type 2 diabetes mellitus: An update of meta-analysis

A randomised controlled trial of a probiotic and a prebiotic examining metabolic and mental health outcomes in adults with pre-diabetes

“…Therefore, detailed consideration of these potential subgroup differences in future studies may be valuable. Our population had a higher mean age (59.6 years) and BMI (30.4 kg/m 2 ) profile than meta-analyses reporting more benefits for younger36 38 45 and lower BMI (<30 kg/m 2 )38 subgroups. Gut microbiota profiles are known to differ according to age,46 and obesity,47 and therefore, we speculate that our findings may not be replicable in a younger and less obese population with pre-diabetes.…”

“…Research is limited in the use of probiotics in those with pre-diabetes, however numerous probiotic intervention studies have been undertaken in those with established type 2 diabetes or more general population groups examining outcomes related to glycaemia, dyslipidaemia, hypertension, anthropometry and, to a lesser extent mental health. Several meta-analyses include significant improvements in some of these outcomes, but these findings are often inconsistent 16 35–41. The clinical utility of these reviews is limited due to inclusion of multiple different probiotic species and strains being used singularly or combination with each other being combined in a meta-analysis, however, it is useful to consider the findings more broadly as they relate to our results.…”

“…Our study used a single probiotic strain with a dose of 6×10 9 cfu/day. In contrast, multistrain interventions may provide more benefit through interaction between probiotic organisms, and/or a generally higher total dose of probiotic organisms being administered 38. Profiles of gut microbiota differ according to gender43 and this could moderate the response to the probiotic intervention.…”

“…Consistent findings appear to be that multistrain probiotic interventions appear to be more effective than single strain interventions. 35–37 In addition, the magnitude of effects can vary according to participant characteristics such as: lower versus higher BMI 35 36 38 ; age, with younger groups generally achieving more benefit 35 36 38 ; higher baseline values of the outcome measures 39 ; country of origin, suggesting genetic and dietary influences 38 ; established diabetes vs high risk groups 39 probiotic dose 41 ; medium for the delivery of the probiotic such as in food versus as a capsule or powder supplement 38 39 41 and duration of treatment 38 40 41 all potentially impacting on the outcomes. Several of these factors might be relevant in this study.…”

Association of Yogurt and Dietary Supplements Containing Probiotic Consumption With All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality in US Adults: A Population-Based Cohort Study

“…Our results were supported by the existence of data showing a biological plausibility for the health benefits of probiotic. First, probiotic intake might be helpful to reduce risk factors for all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality such as obesity, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes (29)(30)(31). Second, probiotic foods had been reported to repress oxidative stress and inflammatory marker profile in both healthy persons and patients with disorders (32)(33)(34).…”